八仙花组培苗促成栽培

研究应用多效唑调控八仙花2年生组培苗的生长发育,以及利用兰州地区的自然环境条件,在户外自然低温条件下打破花芽休眠,以期将八仙花的花期提前到春节前后。结果表明:7月中旬以质量浓度100~150 m g/L的多效唑溶液对八仙花组织培养苗进行叶面喷施,对其营养生长抑制作用强,有利于其花芽分化。同年11月1日至10日将经过40 d户外自然低温(0~8℃)处理的试验苗移入节能日光温室开始催花,催花起初温度为10℃,以后逐渐升温至25℃左右,春节前正好开花,开花率达到100%,株型美观、花色艳丽,促成栽培效果好且成本低。     

Selection of ABC genes for candidate genes of morphological changes in hydrangea floral organs induced by phytoplasma infection

The mechanism underlying the green colouration of floral organs in phytoplasma-infected hydrangeas was studied. Elucidation of morphological changes of floral organs induced by phytoplasma infection and a comparison of the expression level of genes related to floral organ morphogenesis between phytoplasma-infected and non-infected hydrangea plants was conducted. Sixteen hydrangea (Hydrangea spp.) cultivars were used to study structural changes in floral organs induced by Japanese Hydrangea Phyllody (JHP) phytoplasma infection. The homeotic conversion of sepals to leaves was observed in different number of florets between cultivars, and was observed in 75.8–100% of the decorative florets and 2.7–67.3% of the non-decorative florets of JHP phytoplasma-infected inflorescences. The homeotic conversion of carpels to leaves was observed in 1.2–17.9% of the decorative florets and 0.1–18.9% of the non-decorative florets of infected inflorescences. The expression levels of hydrangea orthologues of class A, B and C genes were suppressed in the infected inflorescences during the developmental stage in which no morphological differences in the internal structure of floral organs have been observed. The contribution of this suppression to homeotic conversion of sepals and carpels to leaves was suggested.     

圆锥八仙菊花红色素提取及稳定性

以圆锥八仙花(Hydraangea paniculata Sieb.)新鲜粉红花瓣为原材料,通过正交试验确定了圆锥八仙花红色素最佳浸提条件,即:使用pH值为2的60%乙醇溶液,以料液比为1 g:20 mL,在80℃下提取6 h.该红色素在酸性条件下稳定性好,具有较好的耐热性及一定的耐光性,不耐氧化还原剂,Cu2+、Fe...     

不同基质配比对绣球扦插生根的影响

[目的]筛选绣球的最佳扦插基质。[方法]以珍珠岩、蛭石和泥炭为原料,配制7种不同的扦插基质：①珍珠岩;②蛭石;③泥炭;④珍珠岩∶蛭石=1∶1;⑤珍珠岩∶泥炭=1∶1;⑥蛭石∶泥炭=1∶1;⑦珍珠岩：蛭石∶泥炭=1∶1∶1,比较不同基质中绣球插穗的生根率、生根条数和生根长度。[结果]处理⑦、⑥、④插穗的生根率均为100%,显著高于其他处理;处理⑥插穗的平均生根条数（50.83条）显著多于其他处理;处理⑦插穗根最长（4.17 mm）,且与其他处理差异极显著（P〈0.01）,处理6插穗根最短（2.03 mm）;处理②插穗的生根率最低,平均生根条数最少。[结论]泥炭可促进绣球插穗生根,而珍珠岩∶蛭石∶泥炭=1∶1∶1的基质可促进绣球插穗根的伸长生长。     

都山绣球试管苗移栽的生态条件研究初报

都山绣球带叶柄茎段经离体培养,诱导出具根、茎、叶的完整植株。经室内自然条件下炼苗后,于不同季节,不同温湿度下栽入装不同基质的营养钵内。结果表明,以春、夏季移栽到蛭石和蛭石与腐殖土(1:2)混合的基质中,试管苗在温度为20℃~26℃,空气相对湿度65%~75%的条件下,成活率最高,达92.5%。     

湖南省绣球属植物资源调查

绣球属(Hydrangea)植物是重要的观赏植物,但大多数处于野生状态.为了更好地开发利用绣球属植物资源,借助标本和资料对湖南省绣球属植物资源进行调查,并以南岳衡山风景名胜区、八大公山国家级自然保护区、大围山国家森林公园的绣球属植物资源为调查对象,实地勘察绣球属植物的典型自然群落及种类数量,得出湖南共有绣球属植物15种3变种,南岳衡山自然保护区有6种,八大公山自然保护区有11种(含变种),大围山国家森林公园有5种.湖南省绣球属植物种类丰富,有广布种,如绣球(Hydrange macrophylla)、蜡莲绣球(H. strigosa)、圆锥绣球(H. paniculata)、冠盖绣球(H. anomala)等;有狭布种,如柳叶绣球(H. stenophylla)、白皮绣球(H. kwangsiensis var. hedyotidea)、乐思绣球(H. sargentiana)、柔毛绣球(H. villosa)、莼兰绣球(H. longipes)、伞形绣球(H. chinensis)等;还有地方特有种,如莽山绣球(H. mangshanensis)、紫彩绣球(H. sargentiana).绣球属植物形态特征变化大,适应性强,大部分种分布在低海拔山区,适合在园林中引种栽培.     

水淹胁迫下绣球光合响应机制的研究

为探究绣球对水淹胁迫的光合响应及适应机制,以盆栽的绣球品种无尽夏新娘和银边为试验材料,利用浸盆法进行水淹处理30 d,测定其比叶质量、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,水淹胁迫后,2个绣球品种的暗呼吸速率(Rd)和光补偿点(LCP)均有所提高,而净光合速率(Pn)、光饱和点(LSP)、胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均下降;表明水淹胁迫导致绣球叶片气孔关闭,光合能力降低,呼吸能耗加强,不利于有机物积累;无尽夏新娘的表观量子效率、光化学效率和电子传递速率均降低,尤其是电子传递速率降低超过69%,表明非气孔限制因素是其Pn降低的主要原因;但无尽夏新娘比叶质量升高约44%,提高了资源利用效率,且其光化学反应耗能降低69%,将叶片吸收光能向热耗散等光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)调节性能量耗散途径分配的比例提高,削弱过剩激发能在反应中心的积累,从而保护光合机构免受破坏;银边的电子传递速率有所降低,约31.5%,但其表观量子效率和光化学效率均无明显变化,说明其PSⅡ反应中心未受损,Pn降低主要是气孔限制因素,且其叶片吸收光能主要向非光化学反应耗散途径分配,升高约26.5%,这可能是其通过PSⅡ循环电子传递消耗了过剩光能,从而保证了光合机构的正常运行。本研究结果为绣球的园林应用提供了新思路。     

都山绣球试管苗促根试验研究

[目的]提高都山绣球试管苗的生根率,加快其在园林生产上的应用。[方法]以都山绣球试管无菌苗为试验材料,接入附加不同种类和浓度生长素的1／2MS培养基中进行离体促根培养。[结果]都山绣球试管无根苗在1／2MS＋IBA0．25mg／L＋NAA0．25mg／L＋1．50％蔗糖＋0．75％琼脂的培养基中生根最好,生根率这94．7％,并且生根多、健壮,有利于移栽成活。[结论]不同种类和浓度的生长素对都山锈球试管苗的生根数量和根的质量有较大的影响。     

Increase in the number of decorative florets in the inflorescence of Hydrangea through phytoplasma infection

Hydrangea (Hydrangea spp.) has two types of florets in an inflorescence. One has decoratively developed sepals and is termed as the decorative floret. The other has plain sepals and is termed as the non-decorative floret. Hydrangea is classified into two types according to its inflorescence: globular (hortensia) and lacecap. In hortensia, the surface of inflorescence is covered with decorative florets. In lacecap, decorative florets are situated around the periphery of the inflorescence. Japanese hydrangea phyllody (JHP) phytoplasma infection often leads to an increase in the number of decorative florets. JHP phytoplasma was inoculated into ten hortensia and five lacecap cultivars by grafting. The ratios of decorative florets to total florets were compared between the JHP phytoplasma-infected and non-infected plants. The infected plants showed lower decorative floret ratios in six hortensia cultivars and higher decorative floret rations in four lacecap cultivars. The composition of inflorescence was investigated using infected and non-infected plants of ‘Midoribanaajisai’ (hortensia cultivar) and ‘Libelle’ (lacecap cultivar). In ‘Libelle’, the lacecap type, an alteration in the lateral non-decorative floret to the decorative floret was observed and considered to be the main cause of increase in the decorative floret ratio.     

八仙花秋季扦插繁殖技术研究

秋季选用八仙花的嫩枝进行扦插,探讨生根剂种类和浓度对扦插成活率、生根数和根长的影响。结果表明：插条用1 000 mg/L的特效生根粉（ABT）溶液浸蘸5 s,扦插成活率可达到76%,平均根长2.0 cm,效果最好;萘乙酸（NAA）处理则能增加插条生根数和缩短生根时间,但当浓度（200 mg/L时,扦插成活率、生根数和根长有下降趋势;蔗糖也有助于八仙花的扦插成活,但效果不及ABT和NAA。