灰铸铁生产技术的一些新进展

对灰铸铁的研究现状和生产中的一些新技术做了评述。重点介绍了高强度薄壁灰铸铁的生产现状以及先进的制造工艺和先进的制造手段在灰铸铁生产中应用所取得的技术成果。     

Heavy Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils using Phosphogypsum and Rice Straw Compost

The application of soil amendments to immobilize heavy metals is a promising technology to meet the requirements for environmentally sound and cost‐effective remediation. The present study was carried out to evaluate the result of phosphogypsum (PG) used alone and in combination with compost (CP) at a mix ratio of 1:1 wet weight ratio (PG + CP) at 10 and 20 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil, on heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soil and on canola growth. The results revealed that the Pb, Cd and Zn uptake of canola plants was reduced by the application of PG alone and when it was mixed with CP as compared with untreated soil. At an application rate of 10 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil of (PG + CP) the dry weight of canola plants increased by 66·8% was increased in comparison with its weight in the untreated soil. The addition of PG alone resulted in more pronounced immobilization of heavy metal as compared with PG mixed with CP. Plant growth was improved with CP addition, but heavy metals immobilization was the greatest in PG alone treatments. Results suggest that PG may be useful for the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application and mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles in the control of bacterial and fungal crop diseases

Nanotechnology is a young branch of the discipline generated by nanomaterials. Its development has greatly contributed to technological progress and product innovation in the field of agriculture. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to develop nanopesticides for plant protection. Plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infestations are the main types of crop diseases. Once infected, they will seriously threaten crop growth, reduce yield and quality, and affect food safety, posing a health risk to humans. We reviewed the application of metal-based nanoparticles in inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of metal-based nanoparticles from two aspects: the direct interaction between nanoparticles and pathogens, and the indirect effects of inducing plant resilience to disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.     

不同熔化速率下的电渣重熔过程数值模拟分析

电渣重熔能提高钢锭的质量,从而满足特种行业的需要,其过程伴随着复杂的物理现象,存在着磁流体流动、传热和传质以及电化学等多方面的影响。通过耦合电磁以及流动和温度方程对电渣重熔过程的三维瞬态进行了数学模拟,研究了熔化速率对重熔过程的影响。结果表明：电流密度、焦耳热和电磁力都随着熔化速率的增大而增大,当熔化速率由14.4 kg/h增加到27.0kg/h,电流密度、焦耳热和电磁力最大值的增大比例超过100%。随着熔化速率的增大,温度最大值有小幅的增加,而且速度最大值的增大幅度接近50%;金属熔池深度则由27 mm增大到38 mm,不利于保证铸坯的质量。     

Current Status of DIMOX in Synthesizing Al/Al2O3 by Aluminum Alloy

The processes, microstructures, properties and mechanisms of DIMOX in synthesizing Al/Al 2O 3 by Al-Mg-Si alloy are reviewed and their problems are considered mainly as following:non_homogeneous oxidation growth of Al/Al 2O 3 at the surface of melts and the porosity of Al/Al 2O 3 limites structural application of Al/Al 2O 3 composite. The mechanisms and models of microchannel,magnesium action,silicon action,and induction are outlined. Several problems which need to be noticed are pointed out,which are diffusion and transfer of oxygen in aluminium melts;the role of MgO and MgAl 2O 4 at outer layer;the reaction feature of solid_gas in the oxidation microstructures of Al_Mg_Si alloy;SiO 2 induction mechanism of silicon and its correlation with the mechanism of magnesium action in Al_Mg_Si alloy.     

Mathematical Medel for Heat Transfer on Solididing Ladle of Hot Metal

In this paper,solidifinG ladle of hot metal has been studied from the point ofview of heat transfer.A mathematical model,which is applied to predict the shape and the thicknessof solidifing layer,has been developed. The theoretical calculated results agree with the appliedresults in preduction. The effects of various paramenters,such as the circulating times, the inner-surface temporature of ladle and the different refractories,on the shape and the thickness ofsolidifing layer have been discussed.These are contributed to reduce the solidifing ladle of hot metal.     

Application of Water Quality Standand Leuel Method in Eualuazing Status Quo of Heauy-Metals Pollution in Riuers

The status quo of heauy-metals pollution in water phase of course of Long-Tan hydropower statian was eualuated by water Quality Standand Level Method. With this special method,mone objectiue and definite results were obtained.     

METAL MATRIX PARTICULATE COMPOSITES BY SPRAYING CODEPOSITION

The spraying codeposition process is used to produce metal matrix paniculate composites, whose technical procedure and main processing parameters are analyzed. The microstructure of the composites is examined and the properties are tested. The solidification characteristics in the spraying deposition and solidification process are discussed. The results indicate that several problems involved in conventional methods can be overcome with this technique to preduce metal matrix paniculate composites. The reinforce particles are dispersed in the matrix homogeneously without solidification segregation. Compared with the matrix alloy,the composite proves to be harder and has excellent wear resistance.     

污水灌溉条件下作物对土壤重金属吸收特征比较

通过采样和化学测试，对污水灌溉条件下，小麦、水稻、蚕豆和油菜果实中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和Cd的含量及土壤中重金属本底浓度进行测定和分析。结果表明，污水灌溉对4种作物吸收土壤重金属的能力影响不显著，而不同作物种类对这种吸收能力的影响表现出显著的差异。