獭兔毛密度变化及毛囊分化研究

为了了解獭兔在不同月龄毛囊和毛密度的变化,选择1～7月龄的獭兔为研究对象,通过活体取样,Sacpic法染色,对不同阶段切片进行观察统计,结果表明:毛密度在1～3月龄处于平台期,无显著变化(P0.05);4～7月龄毛密度处于一个波形变动期,其中通过切片观察5～7月龄为全休止期;4～6月龄为换毛期。本研究摸清了毛密度的变化趋势、变化阶段、各阶段毛囊群特点,为獭兔取皮时间的确定及提高毛密度的研究提供理论支撑。     

奶牛发情周期中毛 唾液和乳汁孕酮水平的变化

本实验采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了11头奶牛一个发情周期里毛、唾液、乳汁中孕酮(P_4)含量。经产牛(n=8)的毛和唾液中P_4水平变化与乳汁中P_4水平变化一致。青年牛(n=3)的毛和睡液中的P_4水平变化一致,并分别与经产牛毛和唾液中P_4水平变化一致。7头配种后的经产牛和5头配种后的青年牛分别取20和23天的样品进行妊娠诊断,与配种后60天的直检结果相对照,依据经产牛毛、乳P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率分别是85.7％(6/7)和100％(7/7),依据青年牛毛P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率为100％(5/5)。     

力克斯兔被毛生物学特性研究

力克斯兔的初级毛囊、次级毛囊于胚胎的18－24天先后出现，基皮肤表皮、真皮的发生与分化于胚胎的24天已基本完成，26胎龄时，初级毛囊结构分化完全，并可见到皮脂腺，26胎龄至仔兔出生，是表皮和毛囊分化出的各组成成分的进一步生长阶段。仔兔出生以后，皮肢表皮和毛囊的结构均无明显变化，但表皮厚度稍有增加、毛囊仍继续向真皮，只是远不及胚胎期迅速。表上的增长及毛囊的生长速度，在不同部位之间无显著差异，而不同胎龄（月龄）之间存在显著或极显著的差异。力克斯兔皮肤的毛囊群结构很有规律，每一毛囊群由2－6个扇形分布的亚毛囊群组成，每一亚毛囊群中又含有5－12个分生毛囊和衍生分生毛囊。力克斯兔出生以后，其衍生分生毛囊数的增加几科与体表面积的增大呈比例，致使各月龄之间毛囊密度无显著差异，但不同部位之间，毛囊密度差异显著。力克斯兔被毛因粗毛含量少、分布均匀、直径也小， 毛纤维短、细，且粗细毛长度一致，密度大、强度大、伸度小（与新西兰白兔比较），从而构成了力克斯兔被毛具有弹性强、柔软性好、平整、美观、经久耐磨等特征。通过扫描电镜及光学显微镜对力克斯兔、新西兰白名锿安哥拉兔三个不同类型的兔种的兔毛纤维鳞片排列形态及髓腔结构的观察，发现不同类型之间，鳞片的排列形态不同，但髓腔结构的差异不明显。     

Badger hair in shaving brushes comes from protected Eurasian badgers

The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is included in Appendix III of the Bern Convention and protected by national laws in many European countries. Badger hair is used to manufacture luxury shaving brushes, although it is frequently argued that the hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), which in Europe is an introduced and unprotected species, is the origin of the hair used. We applied an extraction protocol to recover DNA from the unrooted hair of shaving brushes obtained from commercial companies in The Netherlands and Spain. The tested brushes originated from The Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom where the Eurasian badger is a protected species. We sequenced 191 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region and 170 bp of the cytochrome b gene and compared the sequences obtained with Eurasian badger and hog badger reference sequences of the same mitochondrial DNA regions obtained in our laboratory and from GenBank. Sequences obtained from four shaving brushes were clearly hog badger sequences, whereas four sequences clustered with Eurasian badger sequences of both European and Asian origins. One of the shaving brushes made of Eurasian badger was produced in France, where it is legal to capture or trade the species under certain conditions. The remaining three brushes originated from The Netherlands, where it is illegal to possess, sell, transport or use for commercial purposes dead Eurasian badgers or products derived from them.     

Carbon cycling in subarctic tundra; seasonal variation in ecosystem partitioning based on in situ C pulse-labelling

Carbon assimilation and allocation were studied in a tundra ecosystem in northern Scandinavia. Seasonal variation in the below-ground carbon allocation to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coarse-, fine-, and hair roots was investigated using in situ ¹⁴C pulse-labelling, adding 2-3 MBq ¹⁴CO₂ dm⁻² to the above-ground vegetation. Combining the allocation data with regression models of the seasonal carbon flux made it possible to estimate a temporally explicit ecosystem carbon allocation budget.The ecosystem was a net source of CO₂, losing on average 0.97 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ to the atmosphere, with little variation through the season. There was, however, significant temporal variation in partitioning of recently assimilated carbon. Allocation to below-ground compartments over 32 days following labelling increased from 18% in June to 55% in September. Above-ground allocation showed the opposite trend. Hair roots and DOC were strong sinks in the autumn. Transport of newly assimilated carbon occurred rapidly throughout the season, ¹⁴C appearing in all sampled pools within 4 h of labelling.The seasonal variation in carbon partitioning observed in this study has implications for the residence time of assimilated carbon in the ecosystem. A relatively greater allocation to rapidly decomposing pools, such as hair roots and DOC, would tend to reduce incorporation into woody tissue, increasing the overall rate of carbon cycling and decreasing ecosystem storage. The results of this study will be of value for building and validating mechanistic models of ecosystem carbon flow in tundra and subarctic ecosystems.     

狍被毛髓质指数在保温和保护功能上的适应性变化

应用显微测微尺，对狍肩部和前肢部的和立夏被毛进行髓质指数测算，差异显著性检验表明，狍被毛的髓质指数既显著的季节性差异。也存在身体部位差异，即躯干部冬毛的髓质变得极为发达、肢体部冬毛的髓质却显著变细。     

几种提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸方法的比较(英文)

[目的]该研究旨在探讨提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸的可靠方法。[方法]本实验分别利用改进的有机酚法,chelex-100法,PCR缓冲液法和试剂盒法,从乌苏里貉毛发中提取核酸DNA,对所提核酸进行PCR扩增及电泳分析,并且对四种方法进行比较。[结果]经分光光度计测定和凝胶电泳检测,本实验研究结果表明chelex-100提取的核酸有蛋白质等杂质,PCR缓冲液法提取核酸浓度低有机酚法和试剂盒法提取的DNA浓度高,且没有杂带。[结论]本研究为进一步探索高效,简便的提取乌苏里貉毛囊核酸DNA提供了有力的科学理论基础。     

毛木耳青稞生物技术乳的研制

本研究以毛木耳为发酵对象,以青稞为发酵原料,研制出毛木耳青稞生物技术乳。通过对影响毛木耳发酵过程的发酵时间、发酵温度、接种量、装液量四个因素进行单因素试验和正交试验,最终确定毛木耳青稞生物技术乳的最佳发酵工艺为发酵时间6d、接种量4％、发酵温度24％、装液量300mL三角瓶装80mL。     

辽宁绒山羊2品系皮肤毛囊周期性变化的比较研究

皮肤切片采用HE染色方法,对辽宁绒山羊常年长绒型品系和季节长绒型品系皮肤表皮厚、真皮厚、次级毛囊和初级毛囊深度、密度,次级毛囊和初级毛囊毛球宽度,S／P值等作了详细统计观察,从形态学方面研究了辽宁绒山羊皮肤毛囊在1年内的变化规律。结果表明：两品系辽宁绒山羊毛囊的兴盛期为4～10月,退行期为11～12月,休止期为1～3月,持续时间分别为7、2、3个月。兴盛期经历时间最长,退行期最短。但在毛囊的退行期,因为大多数毛囊的活性还很高,因此在退行期绒毛仍在生长,特别是在退行前期（10、11月份）还是绒毛的快速生长期。     

Hair cortisol as a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in Friesian dairy cows clinically or physiologically compromised

This study was designed to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in lactating cows clinically or physiologically compromised. Cortisol was measured in the hair of 475 multiparous cows of Italian Friesian breed. The cows were classified into Groups A (n=218) and B (n=257). Group A included cows clinically compromised that had recently suffered a disease (e.g. metritis, laminitis, mastitis) or physiologically compromised that calved 1 month prior to hair sampling. Group B were clinically normal lactating cows at least 60 days after calving with somatic cell counts of less than 200,000 cells/ml in milk. Animals in Group A showed higher hair cortisol levels than those in Group B (P<0.01). Significant positive correlation (rpb=+0.352, P<0.001) was detected between hair cortisol and cows clinically or physiologically compromised. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.701 (SE 0.024) and a cut-off value of 4.17 pg/mg was found to discriminate between groups A and B with a sensitivity of 62.4% and specificity of 69.3%. The hair cortisol test emerged as useful to determine HPA activation and to enhance current understanding on the involvement of this axis in clinically or physiologically compromised cows.