三江自然保护区野生动物资源现状及保护对策

介绍了黑龙江省三江自然保护区自然及野生动植物资源情况,并针对保护区资源和环境面临的严峻形势,提出应采取有效措施保护珍贵的湿地资源和野生动植物种群,以还原该保护区应有的生态功能和独特的自然风光。     

景宁望东垟高山湿地自然保护区大型真菌资源调查与分析

2015、2016、2019年每年的7—9月,对景宁望东垟高山湿地自然保护区(以下简称望东垟自然保护区)的大型真菌资源进行调查和采集,共采集到435份大型真菌样本,对其形态学和资源利用价值进行分析研究.结果表明,望东垟自然保护区共有大型真菌110种,隶属于2门4纲12目39科68属,其中南方喙囊乳菇Lactarius ...     

First identification of Sarcocystis tenella (Railliet, 1886) Moulé, 1886 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) by PCR in naturally infected sheep from Brazil

Sarcocystis tenella is a dog–sheep protozoan parasite, causing a widespread enzootic muscle parasitosis and neurological disease mainly in lambs. This parasite is pathogenic to sheep and important to the economical production of sheep. The present study was initially aimed to determine Toxoplasma gondii infection and the occurrence of co-infection with other Apicomplexa parasites in 602 Brazilian sheep. Twenty of these sheep were positive with antibodies to T. gondii by MAT and IFAT-IgG tests, positive with PCR-RFLP genotyping at multiple loci, and parasites were isolated from mice infected with sheep tissue samples. Two additional sheep born in Brazil, a 2-year-old female Polwarth (Ideal) sheep, a breed originated from Australia (#1), and a 1-year-old male Corriedale sheep, a breed originated from New Zealand and Australia (#2) were positive to T. gondii antibodies by serum tests, and PCR, but negative for bioassay in mice. In genotyping at 12 loci, sheep #1 sample and #2 presented positive results only for some markers. PCR-RFLP of 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) was performed in all 22 animals to identify the possibility of co-infection of T. gondii with other Apicomplexa parasites, such as S. tenella, Neospora caninum and Hammondia hammondi, resulting in a T. gondii profile for the first 20 animals and a unique genotyping profile for sheep #1 and #2, identical to S. tenella. The 18S rRNA PCR products (310 bp) were sequenced and blasted to GenBank database at NCBI. Both samples were identical to S. tenella 18S rRNA gene (GenBank accession number L24383-1). These results suggest the existence of co-infection of S. tenella with T. gondii in ewes from Brazil.     

Prevalence and age-related infection of Cryptosporidium suis, C. muris and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in pigs on a farm complex in the Czech Republic

A total of 413 pig faecal samples were collected from pre-weaners (119), starters (131), pre-growers (123) and sows (40) from a farm with a closed breeding system segmented into two breeding complexes and a growing complex in the region of Vysočina, Czech Republic and screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium using staining methods and genotyping (SSU rRNA). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by microscopy in the faeces of 21.1% of the samples (87/413). Sequence analyses and RFLP identified C. suis in 44, Cryptosporidium pig genotype II in 23 and C. muris in 2 samples. No mixed infections were found.Pigs under 7 weeks of age were infected with C. suis only. Cryptosporidium pig genotype II was found in animals from 7 weeks of age. No relationship was found between diarrhoea and any Cryptosporidium infection in any of the different age groups (P < 0.05). The pre-weaned pigs shed significantly more Cryptosporidium oocysts than older pigs and it was associated with C. suis infection.     

红花尔基国家级自然保护区冬季黑琴鸡种群密度调查

黑琴鸡是国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物,内蒙古海拉尔地区是其主要栖息地之一,但该区黑琴鸡种群数量统计的资料较少。2007年12月15～26日,在内蒙古红花尔基沙地樟子松林国家级自然保护区,采用样线法对黑琴鸡越冬期种群密度进行了专项集中调查,结果表明：整个红花尔基自然保护区黑琴鸡种群密度为（0.052±0.0188）只/ hm^2。与历史资料对比,该地区黑琴鸡种群密度呈明显下降趋势,可能与该地区天然火灾、人类活动日益加剧和偷捕偷猎活动有关。该研究对制定黑琴鸡的保护管理计划具有重要的参考价值。     

宁夏黄土丘陵区植被恢复对土壤养分和微生物生物量的影响

本研究以宁夏固原天然草地、农地、撂荒地和不同年限的柠条林地为研究对象,分析了不同植被类型下土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的变化。研究结果表明:土壤养分除速效磷和全氮外,其他指标均为农地最低,撂荒地次之,并且随植被恢复年限的增加而增加;不同植被类型条件下,土壤微生物生物量有显著差异,微生物量碳含量表现为撂荒地农地天然草地3年柠条林地13年柠条林地23年柠条林地,微生物量氮以天然草地最低,农地、撂荒地和不同年限柠条林地较大,不同植被类型土壤微生物量磷差异显著,在5~20cm土层和20~40cm土壤中表现尤为突出。土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷与植被类型和植被恢复年限关系密切。柠条林对土壤微生物生物量有明显促进作用,并且随着植被恢复年限的增加改良效果越显著。     

生态管理对茶园节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响

以广西融水县红水乡元宝山茶业公司茶园为试验基地,研究了生态管理对茶树节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明:与常规管理茶园比较,生态管理茶园节肢动物群落的物种组成增加15科、84种;害虫类群的个体数量减少55.9%,天敌类群的个体数量增加188.4%;生态管理茶园节肢动物群落的丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度显著高于常规管理茶园,优势指数和群落相似性指数等指标显著低于常规管理茶园。生态管理方式能够提高和恢复茶园节肢动物群落的多样性,有助于实现对茶树害虫的生态控制。     

石榴园5种主要食叶类害虫与其捕食性天敌之间的关系

为统筹利用自然天敌和通过化学措施全年综合防治石榴园害虫,对石榴园害虫及其天敌进行了系统调查,明确了江淮丘陵区石榴园主要食叶类害虫为棉蚜、小绿叶蝉、黄刺蛾、扁刺蛾和小袋蛾。采用灰色关联度分析法、生态位分析法和空间格局聚集强度指数分析法分析了主要害虫与其捕食性天敌在数、时、空方面的关系,综合排序得出:棉蚜的主要捕食性天敌是异色瓢虫、中华草蛉和八斑球腹蛛,小绿叶蝉的主要捕食性天敌是粽管巢蛛、三突花蟹蛛和草间小黑蛛,黄刺蛾的主要捕食性天敌是粽管巢蛛、锥腹肖蛸和八斑球腹蛛,扁刺蛾的主要捕食性天敌是锥腹肖蛸、八斑球腹蛛和粽管巢蛛,小袋蛾的主要捕食性天敌是三突花蟹蛛、粽管巢蛛和异色瓢虫。棉蚜种群的聚集均数λ值大于2,其聚集是本身原因引起的;而小绿叶蝉、黄刺蛾、扁刺蛾和小袋蛾及其捕食性天敌的λ值小于2,其聚集是环境中某些因子引起的。     

康乃馨和月季天然红色素研究进展

对康乃馨和月季的天然红色素的研究进行综合阐述,总结康乃馨和月季天然红色素的主要物理化学性质、提取工艺及精制方法,为天然食用色素中的红色素开发利用提供理论依据。     

康乃馨和月季天然红色素研究进展

对康乃馨和月季的天然红色素的研究进行综合阐述,总结康乃馨和月季天然红色素的主要物理化学性质、提取工艺及精制方法,为天然食用色素中的红色素开发利用提供理论依据。