几对麦谷蛋白亚基对小麦面筋品质的影响

麦谷蛋白亚基组成类型是决定小麦加工品质的重要内在因素,改进小麦品种的亚基构成已成为品质育种的重要依据之一,因而鉴定优质亚基的类型对品质育种具有重要的意义.本研究采用郑麦9023/安农9267、皖麦19/安农9267/皖麦19、#445/陕225//安农91168/繁3/皖麦19的F5代株系,烟农19/安农9914、烟农19/安农9916的F3代株系,烟农19/安农9914的F4株系组成9个群体,共1 562个株系,分别检测HMW-GS、LMW-GS的组成,测定了和面图参数和SDS沉降值,分析了麦谷蛋白亚基等位基因对品质性状的影响.结果表明,在Glu-A1位点,1亚基的SDS沉降值显著高于N亚基,1亚基的峰高显著大于N亚基,对于和面时间、衰落角(耐揉性),两亚基间差异不显著.在Glu-D1位点,5 10亚基SDS沉降值显著高于2 12,和面图参数中峰高及和面时间5 10显著高于2 12,衰落角差异不明显;2 12亚基与4 12亚基对SDS沉降值及和面图参数的影响差异不显著.Glu-B1位点,SDS沉降值17 18亚基高于14 15亚基,峰高与衰落角两对亚基间差异不显著,和面时间17 18亚基显著高于14 15亚基;对于LMW-GS,Ⅱ-1群体的Glu-D3e亚基SDS沉降值显著高于Glu-D3a,其他3个群体亚基间差异不显著,在和面时间、峰高及衰落角3项指标中,Glu-D3a与Glu-D3e间差异不显著.     

西藏普通小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基多态性分析

采用十二烷基磺酸钠一聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)法，对229份西藏普通小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了鉴定和分析。研究表明，229份西藏普通小麦共检测到19种亚基组合类型，其中以null，7 8，2 12组合类型居多。在各位点的等位变异中，Glu—B1位点出现的等位变异最多，共9种；Glu—D1和Glu—A1位点均出现4种等位变异。Glu—A1和Glu—B1位点分别检测到一个的新亚基，暂定名为5#和6#。品质评分表明，西藏普通小麦的品质评分为4～10分，多数品质评分在6分及6分以下，同时筛选到2份(As1531 and As1772)评分达10分的材料。     

小麦染色体1A和1B控制的一些谷蛋白亚基对烘烤品质的影响

用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ法鉴定了３２个小麦品系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成，分析了其与ＳＤＳ沉降值及面粉蛋白质含量的关系。结果表明，亚基对ＳＤＳ沉降值的影响较大，其中，Ｇ１ｕ－Ｂ１控制的亚基７十８优于７，Ｇｌｕ－Ａ１控制的亚基１或２优于Ｎｕｌｌ，亚基数目多的优于亚基数目少的。亚基与蛋白质含量间无明显联系。     

微量沉淀值和麦谷蛋白亚基组成对面包烘烤品质的效应

为快速高效地改良中国小麦品种的面包烘烤品质,将72份冬小麦品种(系)于2000～2001年度分别种植于河南郑州和山东济南,分析了它们的蛋白质品质和面包烘烤品质,评价了蛋白质含量、微量沉淀值及高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成对面包烘烤品质的作用.结果表明,总体上中国冬小麦品种的蛋白质含量和微量沉淀值中等偏高,面包烘烤品质则较差,品种间差别较大.高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的等位变异与面包烘烤品质密切相关,Glu-Dl位点具有5 10亚基和Glu-B3位点具有h亚基的品种,其面包各烘烤品质参数均显著优于具有其他亚基的品种,而Glu-B3j亚基(即1B/1R易位)对微量沉淀值、比沉淀值和面包体积、颈高、外观、质地、结构、色泽、评分等品质参数均具有较大的负向作用.沉淀值对非1B/1R易位系面包体积和评分的作用远大于蛋白质含量的贡献,而单位蛋白质含量的沉淀值即比沉淀值对1B/1R易位系的面包体积和评分更重要.在育种中应针对非1B/1R易位系和1B/1R易位系采用不同的品质改良策略,对非1B/1R易位系可考虑通过提高沉淀值,对1B/1R易位系则应考虑通过提高比沉淀值来改良面包烘烤品质.     

Hydration,polymerization and rheological properties of frozen gluten-water dough as influenced by thermostable ice structuring protein extract from Chinese privet (Ligustrum vulgare) leaves

The effects of thermostable ice structuring proteins (TSISPs) extracted from Chinese privet (Ligustrum vulgare) leaves on water molecular state, dehydration of gluten proteins, secondary structure of proteins, glutenin subunit of glutenin macropolymer (GMP) and rheological properties of gluten doughs during frozen storage were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared reflectance (ATR-FTIR), reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and dynamic rheometry. After frozen storage for 5 weeks, the control sample showed dehydration of gluten proteins and mobility of water molecules in gluten dough increased, significantly indicating ice formation and water redistribution. Secondary structure of gluten proteins changed significantly, α-helix decreased and β-sheet increased. Glutenin subunits depolymerized, indicated by the decrease in high molecular weight glutenins/low molecular weight-glutenins (HMW/LMW) ratio. The decrease in elastic moduli (G′) and viscous moduli (G′') showed the deterioration of rheological properties of gluten dough. The addition of TSISPs inhibited the dehydration of gluten proteins, decrease in α-helix, increase in β-sheet and HMW/LMW ratio, resulting in improved rheological properties of gluten dough.     

Surface properties and locations of gluten proteins and lipids revealed using confocal scanning laser microscopy in bread dough

Surface properties of gluten proteins were measured in a dilation test and in compression and expansion tests. The results showed that monomeric gliadin was highly surface active, but polymer glutenin had almost no surface activity. The locations of those proteins in bread dough were investigated using confocal scanning laser microscopy and compared with polar and nonpolar lipids. Added gluten proteins participated in the formation of the film or the matrix, surrounding and separating individual gas cells in bread dough. Gliadin was found in the bulk of dough and gas ‘cell walls’. Glutenin was found only in the bulk dough. Polar lipids were present in the protein matrix and in gas ‘cell walls’, as well as at the surface of some particles, which appeared to be starch granules. However, nonpolar lipid mainly occurred on the surface of particles, which may be starch granules and small lipid droplets. It is suggested that the locations of gluten proteins in bread dough depends on their surface properties. Polar lipid participates the formation of gluten protein matrix and gas ‘cell walls’. Nonpolar lipids may have an effect on the rheological properties by associating with starch granule surfaces and may form lipid droplets.     

黄淮麦区小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

对黄淮麦区育成推广品种(59个)、2003～2004年度国家黄淮南片和江苏省区试参试品种(42个)、徐州农科所育成的高代品系以及一些育种亲本材料,共计309个品种(材料)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了分析.结果共发现了32个亚基组成类型和16个等位基因变异.在Glu-A1位点发现了Glu-A1a、Glu-A1b、Glu-A1c 3个等位基因;在Glu-B1位点发现了Glu-B1a、Glu-B1b、Glu-B1c、Glu-B1d、Glu-B1e、Glu-B1f、Glu-B1g、Glu-B1h、Glu-B1i、Glu-B1k共10个等位基因;在Glu-D1位点发现了Glu-D1a、Glu-D1b、Glu-D1d 3个等位基因.以Glu-B1位点的变异最为丰富.在这3个位点上分别以等位基因Glu-A1c(null)、Glu-B1b(7 8)和Glu-D1a(2 12)为主,其出现频率分别为58.58%、58.90%和77.99%.高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成以(null,7 8,2 12)和(1,7 8,2 12)为主,分别占所有品种的32.69%和16.18%.在育成推广品种和参试品种中,等位基因变异均为11个;而亚基组成类型则分别为16个和13个.优质高分子量谷蛋白亚基5 10在所有材料、59个已审定推广品种和42个参试品种中的出现频率分别为20.4%、27.1%%和21.4%,频率均较低.这表明新近育成的品种在优质亚基的构成上并未取得较大进展,优质强筋小麦的品质育种还有较大的发展空间.试验结果也表明,黄淮冬麦区小麦品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成类型和等位基因变异较为丰富,但其变异分布很不均匀,存在明显的优势亚基和组成类型.     

小麦谷蛋白膨胀指数与品质及产量性状的关系

利用小麦京771和Pm 97034杂交后代重组自交系(R IL)群体,对小麦谷蛋白膨胀指数(Sw ellingIndex of G luten in,S IG)在R IL群体中的分离和分布规律及其与几个品质性状和产量性状的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,S IG值的分布呈连续的正态分布;S IG值在R IL群体中的遗传方式表现为略倾高亲遗传,超高亲优势非常显著。S IG值与Zeleny沉淀值、GM P含量、膨胀势及面筋指数呈极显著正相关(r分别为0.75、0.39、0.27和0.68,P<0.01),与干、湿面筋含量的相关不显著(r分别为0.01、0.03),但与碱性水保持力(AW RC)呈显著的负相关(r=-0.13,P<0.05);在与产量构成因素的相关分析中,S IG值与株高和千粒重呈极显著的负相关(r分别为-0.20-、0.25,P<0.01),而与其它产量构成因素呈不显著的正相关关系。偏相关分析表明,当Zeleny沉淀值作为控制变量时,S IG值与其它品质性状和产量因素间的相关系数都有所降低。S IG值与干、湿面筋含量间的相关由不显著的正相关变为极显著的负相关(r分别为-0.20和-0.23,P<0.01),而与株高和千粒重的极显著负相关关系变为不显著的负相关关系(r分别为-0.04和-0.14)。     

小麦新品种川农16与99E18的SSR及贮藏蛋白差异分析

为了更好地识别川农16的遗传基因特性,为充分利用优异材料99E18改良川农16提供理论依据,应用简单重复序列(SSR)标记、酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)和十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对小麦新品种川农16与高抗优质材料99E18间的遗传差异进行了检测与分析。SSR标记检测结果表明川农16与99E18在DNA水平上存在明显差异。A-PAGE分析显示川农16与99E18间至少有12条醇溶蛋白差异带。SDS-PAGE分析表明川农16和99E18的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分别为(1,20．5 10)和(1,7 8,5 10)。     

Characterisation of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-peptide antibodies specific for some lowMrsubunits of wheat glutenin and their use in the detection of allelic variants atGlu-3loci

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced against the major type ofN-terminal amino acid sequence of lowM_rglutenin subunits. The reactivities of these antibodies were determined using glutenin extracts of several bread wheat cultivars of known allelic composition. Analyses were performed by immunoblotting after one or two-dimensional electrophoresis. One Mab (Mab 6x1) was found to react with lowM_rglutenin subunits encoded by chromosomes 1B and 1D but not with subunits controlled by chromosome 1A. Only some of the subunits encoded at theGlu-D3locus were recognised. In contrast, this Mab reacted with all the subunits controlled by theGlu-B3locus. After single dimension SDS–PAGE, we observed significant differences between immunoblot patterns of cultivars expressing different lowM_rglutenin subunits from chromosome 1B. Mab6 x1 is a useful reagent for analysing the allelic composition at theGlu-B3locus.