Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates free fatty acid-induced toxicity by activating AMPK in C2C12 myoblasts

AIM: To examine the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on the toxicity of free fatty acids (FFAs) in C2C12 myoblasts. METHODS: C2C12 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, APS group, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)group,FFAs group and FFAs+APS group. MTT assay was used to observe the viability of C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells pretreated with FFAs at concentration of 0.25 mmol/L for 24 h were exposed to APS at dose of 200 mg/L for 24 h. The expression of total AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) was examined by Western blotting. The content of AMP and ATP was determined by HPLC. The structural changes of the mitochondria were examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The results of MTT assay indicated that APS improved the viability of C2C12 cells pretreated with FFAs. In FFAs+APS group, the ratio of AMP/ATP was increased after treatment with APS. No difference of total AMPK expression in C2C12 cells between APS group and FFAs group was observed. However, the expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC increased in APS group as compared with FFAs group. The results of transmission electron microscopy indicated that APS improved the vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria resulted from treatment with FFAs in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION: In C2C12 cells, APS attenuates FFA-induced lipotoxity via a mitochondria-and AMPK-dependent mechanism.     

高温胁迫下不同大花蕙兰品种叶片游离脯氨酸累积的差异与耐热性的关系

选择大花蕙兰垂花型、软枝型、硬枝型共7个品种,进行离体叶片高温胁迫后叶片游离脯氨酸含量的测定,探讨脯氨酸含量变化与大花蕙兰品种耐热性的关系。结果表明：耐热性较强的品种在高温胁迫下,叶片游离脯氨酸含量相对增长率高于耐热性较弱的品种。高温胁迫下叶片游离脯氨酸含量相对增长率,可作为判断大花蕙兰品种耐热性的参考指标之一。     

封育对典型草原植被结构及光谱特征的影响

在2008年7月-2009年5月,以锡林郭勒典型草原为研究区,分别对封育草地和自由放牧草地的光谱反射率、草层高度、覆盖度和地上生物量进行了测定。结果表明:封育能够明显改善典型草原植被结构,增加牧草种类,提高牧草地上生物量;封育区植被光谱特征在旺盛生长期呈现出显著优势,4种植被指数较自由放牧区显著增加,其余生长季均无明显差异。     

茶多酚体外氧化产物颜色稳定性及对PC-3细胞生长的影响

以红茶中提取的茶黄素粗提物、绿茶多酚为对照,利用紫外扫描技术、UV-Vis法及MTT法研究了绿茶多酚纳米固定化多酚氧化酶体外氧化产物的颜色稳定性、自由基清除能力和对前列腺癌细胞PC-3生长的抑制作用。在不同pH值条件下,茶黄素粗提物和绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物的紫外吸收光谱的变化趋势相似,碱性增加,吸光度增加;绿茶多酚、茶黄素粗提物及绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物对DPPH·自由基均有明显清除作用,绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物清除效果较绿茶多酚和茶黄素粗提物强;茶黄素粗提物及绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物对PC-3细胞的生长都有抑制作用,绿茶多酚纳米固定化酶体外氧化产物优于茶黄素粗提物。因此,绿茶多酚纳米碳酸钙固定化酶体外氧化产物中茶黄素保持了红茶中茶黄素所具有的良好生物学活性。     

Changes in the content of free sulphydryl groups during postharvest wheat and flour maturation and their influence on technological quality

The main aim of this study was to determine the changes in free sulphydryl content during postharvest wheat and flour maturation. The content of free sulphydryl groups was determined from wet gluten over 50 days of wheat postharvest maturation and over 14 days of flour maturation by varying incubation temperatures (30 and 37 °C) and incubation times (0, 45, 90 and 135 min). The amount of free sulphydryl groups increased during postharvest wheat and flour maturation as well as with the increase in temperature and gluten incubation time. The additional aim of this study was to find the interrelation between the content of free sulphydryl groups and selected parameters of technological quality by means of Principal Component Analysis. During wheat/flour maturation, the strengthening of protein structure was observed manifested by the increase in gluten index and Mixolab protein network weakening (C2), and changes in dough resistance as well. The incubation temperature of 37 °C affected the weakening of protein structure manifested by the decrease in gluten index and resistance, and increase in extensibility. Strong differentiation of examined varieties in terms of selected quality indicators was observed upon pre-defined maturation period, probably due to the expression of their intrinsic properties.     

Characterization of Influence of Manure Handling System and Feeding on the Level of Ammonia Release Using a Simple Method in Cow Houses

The effects of manure handling system and feeding of dairy cows were studied using a simple method to analyse the level of ammonia release in cow stables. Two ratios based on the balances of ammonia and sensible heat, and ammonia and carbon dioxide, respectively, in animal houses were determined and considered to give characteristic levels of the release of ammonia in relation to the animal density independently of the ventilation rate. This required measurements of ammonia, carbon dioxide and temperature with hand-held instruments in the buildings and in outside air. In total, 34 dairy herds were investigated in the south of Sweden. The results clearly demonstrated higher release of ammonia from free stall barn with liquid manure than from conventional tie stall barn with solid manure. There was a clear effect of the content of crude protein, gram per kg dry matter, in the total feed ration on ammonia release in tie stall barn with liquid manure.     

Concentrations and Flow of Free Amino Acids in Ruminal and Duodenal Liquid of Dairy Cows in Relation to Feed Composition,Time of Feeding and Level of Feed Intake

The main purpose of this study was to examine sources of variation in free amino acids (FAA) in the rumen and their relative contribution to the total duodenal amino acid supply. Six cannulated lactating dairy cows fed three concentrate mixtures differing in ruminally degradable intake protein (101, 114 and 134 g kg^-1 dry matter) at two levels of intake (19.3 vs 9.8 kg dry matter day^-1     

人参皂苷Rb3及Rb2组合物对大鼠实验性心肌梗死的保护作用

目的研究人参皂苷Rb,及Rb,组合物对大鼠急性心肌梗死的保护作用。方法采用大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支制备急性心肌梗死模型,计算急性心肌梗死24h后的心肌梗死面积（MIS）,测定血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶（AST）、超氧物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力,丙二醛（MAD）及一氧化氮（NO）含量。结果人参皂苷Rb,及Rb：组合物5、10、20mg／kg均可明显缩小急性心肌梗死大鼠的MIS,降低血清CK、LDH、AST活性及MAD含量,提高血清SOD、GSH—Px活性及NO含量。结论人参皂苷Rb,及Rb：组合物对大鼠急性心肌梗死具有明显保护作用,可能与其增强抗氧化酶活性,减少氧自由基对心肌的损伤等机制有关。     

城市公园免费前后生态环境容量对比分析——以昆明市西华公园为例

城市公园在城市美化和改善生态环境方面发挥着重要的作用,是城市居民的主要休闲游憩场所。随着城市公园的免费开放,剧增的游客给公园生态环境带来了不小的冲击。通过对昆明市西华公园免费开放前后生态环境容量的对比分析,探讨公园生态环境的承载力和再生力,以及如何在特定的生态区域内人为提高环境容量,改善生态环境容量因游客量剧增带来的矛盾,探寻城市居民与生态环境双赢的方式。     

米糠稳定化对米糠中游离脂肪酸值的影响

[目的]研究米糠稳定化对米糠中游离脂肪酸值的影响.[方法]对米糠进行干热、湿热、微波和挤压等稳定化处理,并通过测定游离脂肪酸值确定米糠稳定化的最有效方法.[结果]在相同储藏期内稳定化效果顺序为：微波湿热处理＞挤压处理＞湿热处理＞干热处理.从短时间来看,通过挤压法对米糠的稳定效果最好,在130℃下用单螺杆挤压机处理含水量25％的米糠,3d后游离脂肪酸值才达到3.28％;从米糠长期保存考虑,微波湿热处理（25％含水量,60s）效果优于挤压处理（130℃、含水量25％）.[结论]干热法、湿热法、微波法和挤压法等4种稳定方法对抑制米糠游离脂肪酸值的增加都有一定效果.