基于双阶段注意力机制和LSTM的鸡舍氨气浓度预测算法

为寻求准确的鸡舍氨气浓度预测方法,构建基于双阶段注意力机制和长短时记忆神经网络(Long shortterm memory,LSTM)的鸡舍氨气浓度预测模型,将该模型应用于山东省商河县某蛋鸡养殖场,采集二氧化碳(CO_2)、氧气(O_2)和氨气(NH_3)的体积分数,细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))质量浓度,温度,相对湿度时间序列数据对模型进行验证,并与支持向量回归(Support vector regression,SVR)、人工神经网络(Artificial neural network,ANN)模型和无注意力机制的LSTM模型对比研究。结果表明:1)不同时间窗口T下NH_3体积分数预测精度不同。T∈{2,3,4,8}时,均方根误差(Root mean square error,RMSE)分别为0.433 4,0.394 8,0.379 9和0.405 1μL/L,平均绝对误差(Mean absolute error,MAE)分别为0.267 4,0.262 9,0.228 9和0.272 4μL/L;2)基于双阶段注意力机制和LSTM的鸡舍NH_3浓度预测模型在RMSE和MAE评价指标框架下优于SVR、ANN和无注意力机制的LSTM模型。基于双阶段注意机制和LSTM的模型能较好地对鸡舍氨气浓度进行预测,可为鸡舍氨气浓度预测及调控提供技术支持。     

湖北太子山不同林分对降雨的截留作用研究

本文在湖北太子山选取柏木纯林、马尾松纯林、麻栎五角枫混交林、柏木红果冬青混交林和马尾松红果冬青混交林共5种林分作为研究对象,采用天然降雨监测的方法,研究5种林分林分林冠层、灌草层和枯落物层分别对降雨的截留作用。结果表明林场中阔叶混交林的水源涵养能力最强,其次为针阔混交林,最差的是针叶纯林。     

蛋鸡日粮中添加苜蓿叶粉对蛋品质的影响研究

选用罗曼粉成年蛋鸡,分成3个处理,处理1喂以基础日粮,作为对照组;处理2和处理3中分别添加5%、7%的苜蓿叶粉,作为试验组。对试验数据采用t检验进行分析。试验结果表明,饲粮中添加不同水平的苜蓿草粉对蛋黄颜色有极显著促进的作用(P<0.01),对蛋的品质及蛋壳品质无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加7%的苜蓿草叶粉时对蛋壳颜色有明显的加深(P<0.01)。     

基于小波神经网络的穆棱河作物生育期径流预测

为提高研究精度,在基本的小波神经网络基础上改变隐含层节点数选取方法,降低基本方法随机性和盲目性。将改进的小波网络与人工神经网络进行对比分析。结果表明,小波神经网络改进方法更适合穆棱河流域径流预测。     

海洋底边界层动物

底边界层动物是生活在海洋底边界层中的特定生物类群,通常包括超底栖动物和浮游动物两大类。底边界层动物的生态学意义表现在,它们是海洋食物链的重要组成部分,是水层系统底栖系统耦合过程的重要环节,是陆架海的碳垂直通量的重要影响因子。底边界层动物的采样装置主要包括滑橇式和陷阱式两种类型。     

Vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the southern part of the East China Sea

ABSTRACT:   The vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae was described based on discrete depth sampling using a MTD net system from the surface down to 100 m depth at 13 stations in the southern East China Sea between 27 February and 10 March 2002. Of the 20 782 fish larvae collected, T. japonicus larvae were most abundant, accounting for 37.0% of the total catch. The average abundance of the larvae was 419.0 individuals/10 m², with the average (± standard deviation [SD]) body length of 2.6 ± 0.3 mm (range 1.8–7.5 mm). The larvae were concentrated in the mixed layer, with peak densities in the 10–30 m layer. The average (±SD) weighted mean depth was 21.5 ± 7.8 m. There was no evidence of either diel or ontogenetic vertical migration for the early larvae of <5 mm. More than 90% of the T. japonicus larvae were collected in the water temperature ranging from 21 to 23°C. Vertical profiles of the larval densities and chlorophyll a coincided with each other, which might reflect the abundance of their main prey organisms, copepod nauplii and copepodites, since copepod production is known to be closely related with the chlorophyll a concentration.     

Phage and MLVA Typing of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Layers and Humans in Belgium from 2000–2010, A Period in which Vaccination of Laying Hens was Introduced

The aim of the study was to characterize isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) obtained from humans and layer farms in Belgium collected during 2000–2010. Three periods were compared, namely (i) before implementation of vaccination (2000–2004), (ii) during voluntary vaccination (2005–2006) and (iii) during implementation of the national control program (NCP) for Salmonella including mandatory vaccination against S. Enteritidis (2007–2010). The characteristics compared across time periods were distributions of phage type and multiple‐locus variable number tandem‐repeat assay (MLVA). While PT4 and PT21 were predominantly isolated in Belgium in layers and humans before 2007, a significant reduction of those PTs was observed in both populations in the period 2007–2010. The relative proportion of PT4b, PT21c and PT6c was found to have increased considerably in the layer population since 2007. In the human population, PT8, PT1 and the group of ‘other’ PTs were more frequently isolated compared to the previous periods. When comparing the proportion of the predominant MLVA types Q2 and U2, no significant difference was found between the layer and human population in the three periods and between periods within each category (layer and human). A significant difference in isolate distribution among MLVA clusters I and II was found between human and layer isolates recovered during Period 3 and in the human population between Period 1 and 3. Results suggest that the association between S. Enteritidis in layers and the occurrence of the pathogen in humans changed since implementation of the NCP in 2007.     

Vertical movements of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) associated with islands, buoys, and seamounts near the main Hawaiian Islands from archival tagging data

To learn more about the movement patterns of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), we deployed archival tags on 87 fish ranging in fork length from 50 to 154 cm. Thirteen fish were recaptured, from which 11 archival tags were returned, representing in aggregate 943 days‐at‐liberty. We successfully retrieved data from 10 tags, representing 474 days in aggregate. The largest fish recaptured was 44.5 kg [131 cm fork length (FL)] and the smallest 2.8 kg (52 cm). The deepest descent recorded was 817 m, the coldest temperature visited 4.7°C, and minimum oxygen level reached ～1 mL L^?1. Fish spent little time at depths where water temperatures were below 7°C and oxygen levels less than ～2 mL L^?1. Five fish were recaptured near the offshore weather buoy where they were tagged. Based on vertical movement patterns, it appeared that all stayed immediately associated with the buoy for up to 34 days. During this time they remained primarily in the uniform temperature surface layer (i.e. above 100 m). In contrast, fish not associated with a floating object showed the W‐shaped vertical movement patterns during the day characteristic of bigeye tuna (i.e. descending to ～300–500 m and then returning regularly to the surface layer). Four fish were tagged and subsequently recaptured near Cross Seamount up to 76 days later. These fish exhibited vertical movement patterns similar to, but less regular than, those of fish not associated with any structure. Bigeye tuna appear to follow the diel vertical movements of the deep sound scattering layer (SSL) organisms and thus to exploit them effectively as a prey resource. Average night‐time depth was correlated with lunar illumination, a behaviour which mimics movements of the SSL.     

区域尺度喀斯特区石漠化强度对土壤流失的影响

石漠化和水土流失是西南喀斯特区突出的生态问题,制约着社会经济的发展。目前,石漠化与土壤流失的耦合关系尚未系统探明,石漠化强度评价因子植被盖度、土层厚度和基岩裸露率的交互作用如何影响土壤流失知之甚少。基于石漠化现状的调查,采用RUSLE模型、Getis?OrdGi*、地理探测器等方法,测算了贵州喀斯特区土壤侵蚀状况并识别了冷热区分布,量化了石漠化强度评价因子与土壤侵蚀之间的关系,解析了因子组合对土壤流失的交互影响。结果表明：1）贵州喀斯特区土壤侵蚀以中度和微度侵蚀为主,平均土壤流失率17.69 t/(hm2·a),侵蚀热区（重点防治区）主要集中在贵州西部经济相对欠发达区,侵蚀冷区（轻微区）则主要集中在黔北遵义市和黔中贵阳市等经济相对发达区。2）土壤流失随石漠化强度评价指标植被盖度、土层厚度的增加呈降低趋势,随基岩裸露率的增加则呈增加趋势;石漠化与土壤流失之间并非简单的线性关系,而呈复杂的非线性关系,3个评价因子分别以三次曲线函数、指数函数和反正弦函数拟合优度最高。3）石漠化强度评价因子对土壤流失空间分异的解释力依次为植被盖度、基岩裸露率和土层厚度,且因子组合对土壤流失的交互影响均呈非线性增强,其中基岩裸露率与植被盖度的交互作用起主导作用,其次是土层厚度与植被盖度,基岩裸露率与土层厚度的解释力最小。研究结果可为喀斯特区水土流失、石漠化的协同防治提供理论参考。