无花果内生真菌的研究Ⅰ.抗植物病原真菌活性的筛选

以白菜黑斑病菌（Alternaria brassicae）、番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）、辣椒疫霉病菌（Phytophthora capsici）、苹果腐烂病菌（Valsa mali）、西瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f．sp．niveum）、烟草赤星病菌（Alternaria alternata）为指示菌种，对从无花果（Ficuscarice）中分离获得到的64株内生真菌进行抗真菌活性试验，结果表明18株内生真菌具有抗菌活性，占总内生真菌的28．1％，将具有抗菌活性的菌株进行分类鉴定，分属于2目、4科、8属。     

5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的热值与灰分含量动态

对厦门园林植物园的5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的灰分含量、干质量热值与去灰分热值的变化动态进行了初步研究。结果表明:①随着叶片的发育(从幼叶→成熟叶→老叶),灰分含量有升高的趋势,5种植物中老叶灰分含量均不是最低,说明叶片可能具有维持自身营养元素平衡的机制;②5种榕属植物不同发育阶段的叶片中,幼叶含有较高的干质量热值,不同发育阶段的榕属植物叶片干质量热值变化趋势因种而异;③5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的干质量热值与灰分含量具有显著的线性相关(P<0 05);④不同发育阶段叶片去灰分热值的变化趋势因种而异,也不是固定不变的。表4参16     

不同栽培基质对人参榕产量和品质的影响

本试验研究了人参榕第1次上袋种植时不同栽培基质对其产量和品质的影响,结果表明,不同栽培基质对人参榕的影响差异显著.经过24个月的种植试验,以细沙70%+煤渣20%+腐熟有机肥10%为栽培基质,人参榕平均每株2.84个块根,每个块根平均343.6 g,产品一级率达60.0%、二级率达20.2%,在产量和品质上明显高于对照(细沙50%+煤渣49%+过磷酸钙1%)和其他配方.因此,该培养基是人参榕第1次上袋种植比较理想的栽培基质.     

Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of selected fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions from the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Fig has been a typical fruit component of the health-promoting Mediterranean diet for a very long time. Phytochemical characters and antioxidant capacity of green-, yellow-, brown-, purple-, and black-fruited fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions were investigated. In this study, total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), fructose (FRUC), glucose (GLUC), sucrose (SUC), and variables (such as L*, a*, C*, and hue°) describing fruit skin colors were examined. Also, the antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fig fruits was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the polyphenol and anthocyanin (r = 0.74 and 0.63, respectively) contents of fruits. Black fig accessions had the highest TAC (range of 7.9–16.1, mean 12.4 Fe²⁺ mmol/kg FW), TA (range of 32.3–356.0, mean 128.4 μg cy-3-rutinoside/g FW), and TP content (range of 69.1–220.0, mean 118.9 mg GAE/100 g FW). These black-fruited accessions had 2-fold greater TAC, 15-fold greater TA, and 2.5-fold greater TP than green and yellow fig accessions. However, the FRUC, GLUC, and SUC content of brown and purple fig accessions were higher than those of other color groups. The predominant sugars present were fructose (∼56%) and glucose (∼43%), as determined by HPLC.     

桂西南石灰岩小叶榕和乌桕的茎、叶生态结构比较

对比研究生长在石灰岩和非石灰岩环境的小叶榕、乌桕的茎、叶生态结构及其差异,发现两物种对石灰岩恶劣环境的干旱、高温、强地表热辐射等胁迫,在生态结构环境适应方面有一定的一致性,主要是初生保护组织、光合组织、输导组织的细脉密度和细脉木质部等都明显加强,但在程度及类型上却存在很大差异。常绿植物小叶榕是通过强化保护、输导、光合结构,全面而整体地应对环境胁迫,即使是与乌桕内部结构变化方向一致的方面,也在较大程度上高于乌桕,特别是叶片下表皮角质膜厚于上表皮的角质膜,茎木栓层形成产生较早,维管组织、叶肉栅栏组织、茎表皮角质膜、叶片下复表皮等明显加强。落叶植物乌桕应对环境胁迫只强化局部的生态结构,且程度较低,主要是加强茎和叶表皮及其角质膜、茎皮层和细脉等。     

黄桷落叶影响因素分析及绿化评价体系的建立

黄桷是四川大学校园绿化景现树种之一,其落叶时间跨度非常大,对交通和景观影响较大.为了探明四川大学望江校区内的黄桷树落叶差别及影响因素,将四川大学望江校区分为8个试验区,选取各区域内总计129个黄桷树样本进行试验,测定其表层土壤的pIH、表层土壤温度、叶绿素含量,并统计各区域黄桷树落光比例,利用统计学规律研究其相关性,探索土壤pH、土壤表层温度对黄桷树落叶状况的影响,并根据试验结果建立了四川大学校园黄桷树的绿化评价体系.结果表明:土壤pH与黄桷树的叶绿素含量及落光比例呈现明显的相关性.pH在5.7 ～6.0时,落光比例与pH呈负相关,在6.0处达到最低点,此时黄桷树落叶速率最慢,土壤pH在6.0～6.7时,落光比例与pH呈正相关.pH在5.7 ～6.3时,叶绿素含量与pH呈负相关,在6.3左右达到最低点.pH在6.3 ～6.6时,叶绿素含量与pH呈正相关.试验区土壤表层温度基本在16.4～18.0℃范围内,黄桷树的落叶状况与试验区土壤温度相关性不显著.以上述研究数据为基础,选取8个黄桷树种植试验区为研究对象,从生态性、观赏性、安全性、功能性、社会性及经济性6个方面构建评价指标,利用模糊优先关系排序法,AHP层次分析法计算指标权重,以初步建立绿化评价模型,为下一步对各区域进行绿化综合评价奠定基础.     

爱玉子雌雄品系搭配研究

在10个雌株品系、35个雄株品系中,根据对爱玉子雌株品系和雄株品系的挂果开口期、挂果数量及果型的研究,筛选并培育互相搭配的爱玉子雌、雄品系,为爱玉小蜂与爱玉子共生生态系统的形成提供一套爱玉子雌雄优良品系搭配模式。     

微波辅助提取无花果多糖的工艺研究

研究微波辅助提取无花果多糖的方法,通过单因素和正交试验确定无花果多糖的最佳提取条件。结果表明,无花果多糖的最佳提取工艺为:料液比为1∶50,浸泡时间为60 min,微波功率为640 W,微波时间为3 min。在该条件下,无花果多糖得率为4.65%。     

Potent antiviral flavone glycosides from Ficus benjamina leaves

Crude ethanol extracts from Ficus benjamina leaves strongly inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) as well as Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) cell infection in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract demonstrated that the most efficient inhibition of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was obtained with the flavonoid fraction. The present study was aimed to further isolate, purify and identify substances with potent antiviral activity from the flavonoid fraction of F. benjamina extracts. Flavonoids were collected from the leaf ethanol extracts through repeated purification procedure and HPLC analysis. The antiviral activity of each substance was then evaluated in cell culture. Three known flavone glycosides, (1) quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, (2) kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and (3) kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, showing highest antiviral efficiency were selected and their structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses including NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). These three flavones were highly effective against HSV-1 reaching a selectivity index (SI) of 266, 100 and 666 for compound 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while the SI of their aglycons, quercetin and kaempferol amounted only in 7.1 and 3.2, respectively. Kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside showed similar SI to that of acyclovir (ACV), the standard anti-HSV drug. Although highly effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2, these flavone glycosides did not show any significant activity against VZV.     

An efficient in vitro shoot regeneration through direct organogenesis from seedling-derived petiole and leaf segments and acclimatization of Ficus religiosa

Prolific and rapid in vitro plant organogenesis via direct regeneration has been obtained from axenic seedling-derived petiole and leaf explants of Ficus religiosa in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins in combination with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). MS medium with 1.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine plus 0.15 mg/l IBA produced the highest shoot induction frequency with an average of 6.26 and 10.13 shoots per leaf and petiole explants, respectively. After 4 weeks, the highest root formation frequency (96.7%), root number (5.73), and root length (4.76 cm) were with MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l IBA plus 0.1 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid. In addition, the effect of four sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatments on acclimatization was also studied. Highest morphological traits such as survival rates, fresh and dry root weights as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase was achieved with 125 ppm SNP. The α-amino acid, proline, content was highest with this treatment while the highest H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) was in the controls. This study introduces a cost-effective, prolific, and efficient in vitro multiplication system to supply pharmaceutical and ornamental needs. It is the first report of an in vitro organogenesis protocol for F. religiosa by direct regeneration through axenic seedling-derived petiole and leaf explants, which can be efficiently employed for the utilization of active biomolecules.