Effects of pre‐slaughter stressor and feeding preventative Chinese medicinal herbs on glycolysis and oxidative stability in pigs

A total of 64 5‐month‐old Pietrain pigs were randomly allocated to four treatments with four replicates per treatment according to body weight. The pigs were fed either a standard corn‐soybean meal based control diet (treatments 1 and 2), the standard diet with 1% Lycium barbarum (LB) (treatment 3), or the standard diet with 1% Polygala tenuifolia Willd (PT) (treatment 4). Serum lactic acid and glucose concentrations were increased in stressed pigs (P < 0.05). Addition of the herbs in the diet had no effect on the serum lactic acid concentration, but 1% LB decreased (P < 0.05) serum glucose concentration in the stressed pigs. Pre‐slaughter stress also decreased (P < 0.01) liver glycogen concentration and the decrease could be inhibited by addition of 1% LB in the diet (P > 0.05). Pre‐slaughter stress increased the concentration of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity in serum, while dietary 1% LB increased (P < 0.05) the activity of GSH‐Px and decreased the concentration of MDA in the serum. In conclusion, pre‐slaughter stress induces oxidative stress in pigs and dietary supplementation with 1% LB improves antioxidant capacity in stressed pigs before slaughtering.     

牛羊专用中草药保健型饲料添加剂对大鼠免疫功能的影响

试验选择30～40日龄的Sprague-Dawley（SD）雌性大鼠,分别按1.5mL/100g体重的量灌胃奶牛、肉牛和肉羊中草药饲料添加剂浸膏（浓度为312.5mg/mL）,对照组灌胃等量蒸馏水。试验第31天宰杀,无菌采血制抗凝血作T-淋巴细胞转化率试验,同时取脾脏和胸腺计算脾脏和胸腺指数。试验表明,各组全期增重均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）、各实验组胸腺指数均高于对照组,且奶牛和肉牛中草药添加剂组达到显著水平（P〈0.05）,脾脏指数各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;各试验组T-淋巴细胞转化率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,说明牛羊专用中草药保健型饲料添加剂能显著提高大鼠的细胞免疫功能。     

几种中草药提取物防治莴苣霜霉病研究

通过对8种中草药提取物及其混合物对莴苣霜霉病的抑制作用研究,以期筛选和研究对防治莴苣霜霉病有效的中药制剂。研究结果表明,8种中草药提取物及其混合物对莴苣霜霉病孢子的萌发及田间霜霉病发病抑制作用高于对照,差异达显著水平。无论是对霜霉病孢子萌发的抑制,还是田间霜霉病发病的抑制,中药混合物效果优于单个中药。对莴苣霜霉病孢子萌发抑制效果最好的是穿心莲∶厚朴∶牛蒡=2∶1∶1混合物;对苗期莴苣霜霉病保护效果和治疗效果最好的分别是穿心莲∶厚朴∶牛蒡=2∶1∶1和1∶1∶2处理。     

杀螨植物药及其有效部位的离体筛选试验

对具有治疗寄生虫病的50味传统植物基原类中药的杀螨作用及有效部位进行了离体筛选试验。结果表明,供试药物对家兔痒螨或家兔疥螨均有不同程度的杀灭作用,在60min内全部杀死供试螨的有大风子、鸦胆子、花椒、木鳖子、使君子、猪牙皂、槟榔、土香薷等8味药物,其杀螨有效成分主要存在于氯仿、乙酸乙酯或正丁醇部位提取物中,且多数药物含有数种极性不同的杀螨成分,但不同药物杀螨有效部位及杀螨效果又有所不同。     

基于低维护营造的水生草本植物筛选评价

水生植物是城市水景营造的重要组成部分,复层结构的水景植物配置具有较好低维护特点,需要匹配适应的水生草本植物种类。以珠三角地区为研究区域范围,选取了 32 种城市水景广泛应用的水生草本植物,运用层次分析法,建立了包括观赏价值、适应性以及生长特性 3 个准则层和 10 个评价因子指标的评价模型,对水生草本植物的筛选与运用进行讨论研究。结果表明,32种水生草本植物可分为 3 个等级,其中 I 等级 6 种,Ⅱ等级 11 种,Ⅲ等级 15 种,优选推荐翠芦莉 Ruellia simplex、风车草 Cyperus involucratus、柳叶箬 Isachne globosa 和菖蒲 Acorus calamus 等作为低维护城市水景植物景观营造种类。     

道地药材怀牛膝根部内生真菌的种群探讨

为探讨道地药材怀牛膝（Achyranthes bidentata Blume）内生真菌的菌群组成及侵染情况。通过组织块分离法,选取野生怀牛膝根部作为分离对象,进行内生真菌分离,并采用形态学和分子生物学两种方法对分离得到的真菌进行鉴定。从怀牛膝根部中共分离纯化获得101 株内生真菌,根据形态学和分子生物学特征,它们属于 6 目 9科 10属;根部内生真菌侵染率高达80%。根部分离得到13种。怀牛膝根部内生真菌表现出丰富的种属多样性。在怀牛膝根部分离的内生真菌中,优势菌属是镰孢属和Moesziomyces。     

中草药提取物对小鼠乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响

【目的】研究中草药单味及复方提取物对原代培养的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响,旨在为探明中草药治疗奶牛乳腺疾病机制提供试验依据。【方法】采用组织块种植法培养3月龄、分娩后3~5 d的昆明种远交系小白鼠的乳腺组织,采用胰蛋白酶消化法获得相对纯化的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞,并运用SDS-PAGE法进行鉴定。制备5味中草药(重楼、紫花地丁、木芙蓉、半枝莲、泽兰叶)及治疗奶牛乳房炎用中草药复方提取物,分别作用于对数生长期的乳腺上皮细胞5 d,用四甲基偶氮唑盐法(MTT法)分析细胞活力。【结果】将通过组织块种植法与胰蛋白酶消化法相结合,可得到纯化的有酪蛋白分泌功能的乳腺上皮细胞;中草药重楼、紫花地丁、木芙蓉、半枝莲、泽兰叶提取物在其质量浓度分别为8,40,40,1.6,8 mg/mL时,对小鼠乳腺上皮细胞增殖作用最强;除了紫花地丁,其他4种中草药提取物在其质量浓度为200 mg/mL时,对小鼠乳腺上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用最强。中草药复方提取物质量浓度为8~200mg/mL时,对小鼠乳腺细胞有显著促进作用,随着质量浓度的增加,促增殖作用减弱。【结论】中草药单味及复方提取物在一定质量浓度下对乳腺上皮细胞增殖产生了促进或抑制作用,且中草药复方提取物的适用质量浓度范围较广。     

Micronutrient concentrations in common and novel forage species and varieties grown on two contrasting soils

We investigated differences between forage species with regard to micronutrients that are essential to sustain livestock health. Five grasses (timothy, perennial ryegrass, meadow fescue, tall fescue and cocksfoot), three legumes (red clover, white clover and birdsfoot trefoil) and four forbs (ribwort plantain, salad burnet, caraway and chicory) were grown on one micronutrient‐poor/low pH soil and one micronutrient‐rich/high pH soil (outdoor pot experiment). In addition, six grasses (timothy, perennial ryegrass, meadow fescue, tall fescue, Festulolium hybrid and cocksfoot) and one legume (red clover) were field‐grown on the micronutrient‐poor soil. Of the twelve pot‐grown species, herbage of chicory, red clover and white clover generally had the highest micronutrient concentrations (maximum Co, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations were 0·23, 9·8, 233 and 109 mg kg^?1 DM, respectively), except for Mo, which was highest in the clovers (10·6 mg kg^?1 DM), and Mn, which was highest in cocksfoot (375 mg kg^?1 DM). Soil type had the strongest effect on plant Mo and Mn concentrations. We also investigated differences in micronutrients between varieties, but they were generally few and negligible. The results indicate that choice of forage species is of major importance for micronutrient concentrations in herbage and that soil type exerts a major effect through pH. Forage of chicory, red clover and white clover generally met the requirements of high‐yielding dairy cows with regard to most micronutrients; therefore, diversification of seed mixtures so as to include these species could increase micronutrient concentrations in forage.     

中药添加剂对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜形态和养分消化率的影响

选取28日龄体质量相近的杜长大断奶仔猪72头,随机分成4个组。试验共设对照组、中药I组、中药II组和抗生素组4个处理组,研究了中药添加剂对断奶仔猪小肠黏膜形态和养分消化率的影响。结果表明,各试验组肠壁厚度、黏膜厚度和隐窝深度(CD)与对照组相比,均无显著差异(P>0.05);中药Ⅱ组显著提高了各肠段绒毛高度(VH)(P<0.05),尤其是空肠和回肠(P<0.01),极显著地提高了各肠段VH/CD值(P<0.01);中药I组显著提高了空肠段的绒毛高度和VH/CD值(P<0.05);抗生素组各肠段绒毛高度和VH/CD也有一定提高(P>0.05)。各试验组磷(P)的消化率有极显著提高(P<0.01);中药I组极显著地提高了粗纤维(CF)的消化率(P<0.01),显著提高了钙(Ca)的消化率(P<0.05);中药Ⅱ组极显著地提高了粗蛋白(CP),CF,Ca的消化率(P<0.01),显著提高了粗脂肪(EE)的消化率(P<0.05);抗生素组对Ca和CF的消化率有显著影响(P<0.05)。     

20种中草药对二斑叶螨的毒性研究

本文采用联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐方法研究了20种中草药提取物对二斑叶螨Tethranychus urticaeKoch雌成螨与卵的毒性。研究结果表明大部分中草药提取物对雌成螨和卵显示出程度不等的毒性作用。其中北细辛Asarum heterotropoides var.mandshuricum（Maxim.）Kitag、黄连Coptis chinensis Franch、苦楝子Meliatoosendan Sieb.et Zucc、槟榔Areca catechu L.与苦参Sophora flavescens Ait.对雌成螨和卵均表现出很强的毒性作用,在提取物浓度为10 mg mL1、作用72 h后,雌成螨死亡率为100%;在提取物浓度为10 mg mL1,作用5 d后,卵孵化率小于40%。北细辛表现最为突出,对成螨与卵的LD50分别为0.57 mg mL1（1 d）和0.88mg mL1（5 d）。结果显示,北细辛、黄连与槟榔等中草药具有研究开发为植物源杀螨剂的潜力。