简介砼管护壁法进行钻孔灌注桩断桩的接桩方法

本文结合工程实践提出了一种利用砼管护壁进行断桩的接桩方法。实践证明了此方法的经济性、实用性、可靠性。     

西藏河谷地区几种主要引种杨树苗木生长研究

杨树是西藏河谷地区的主要造林树种．其中北京杨为传统的主栽品种．１９９４年引进毛白杨、中林诸杨和优胜杨进行扦插育苗试验，结果表明，其成活率可达到７０％左右，毛白杨的成活率可达到８７％，与北京杨差异不大．在栽培措施相同的条件下，毛白杨的地径生长量、高生长量、光合速率、总叶面积和最大光合速率，分别比北京杨高１４．２％，２２．３％，２４．６％，４６．１％和６２％．说明在该区引种毛白杨具有发展潜力．     

杉木采穗圃营建技术的研究

从1980年起,先后在湖南省零陵地区林科所和江永县高泽源林场营建杉木采穗圃7.5亩。实践表明:杉木采穗圃繁殖系数大、产量高,且技术容易掌握,便于推广,是加速杉木造林良种化的有效途径。同时说明,科学地选择建圃材料,采用浅栽、控制冠幅、弯干和截顶,以及加强对圃地的经营管理,是实现建圃目标,提高穗条产量和质量的关键措施。     

白桦胸径和材积生长率相关关系的研究

根据地位指数的大小将白桦林分划分为好、中、差３个类型，通过没类型样地上的解析木资料分析，证明白桦的胸径和材积生长率存在关良好的相关关系。经过优选，建立了不同类型白桦林分的胸径与材积生长率相关模型，并依此编制出白桦一元材积生长率表，为准确预测白桦积生长率提供了理论上的依据。     

闽北天然阔叶林各林层合理密度的研究

应用最大密度模型和半峰宽原理研究闽北天然阔叶林各林层的合理密度 ,结果表明 :各林层的平均胸径与最大密度、平均冠幅与平均胸径存在着显著的相关关系 ;各林层的合理密度分别为 ,第一层 0 .76 1～ 1.2 2 4N1max,第二层 0 .30 8～ 1.6 12N2max,第三层 0 .80 5 ～ 1.187N3max,并拟合出密度与蓄积量的关系 ,为合理经营天然阔叶林提供科学依据。     

半固定沙地樟子松小叶锦鸡儿混交林营造及经营技术研究

在对嫩江沙地樟子松和小叶锦鸡儿人工混交林林分状况和生长指标调查的基础上,采用统计分析方法,探讨了混交林主辅林种间的生长消长关系,结果表明:随着林龄的增长,辅助树种小叶锦鸡儿对主栽树种樟子松的生长发育具有抑制作用,樟子松的生长发育进程减慢,应对小叶锦鸡儿林分进行人工干预,以促进樟子松的生长发育。     

A review of measurement options for multipurpose trees

There is an urgent need to standardize the methods used to assess the growth of multipurpose trees. Most of the standard methods so far described have been developed specifically for use in multilocational trial networks. This paper was prepared for the F/FRED/ICRAF Workshop on MPTS Assessment Methods, held in Thailand in May 1991 to develop internationally-recognised standards for assessment methodology. It critically reviews the methods prescribed by different networks for height and diameter measurement, and for biomass estimation, giving researchers a range of methodological options to consider and re-emphasizing the need, all too often neglected, to define assessment methods clearly and unambiguously.     

Provenance and progeny results for the tropical white pine, Pinus chiapensis, at five and eight years of age

Eleven provenances and 132 open-pollinated families of Pinus chiapensis were established at six locations in Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa and assessed for height, volume, and forking percent at five and eight years of age. Provenance × site and family × site interactions were examined in a subset of three trials with 38 open-pollinated families in common. Average volume production of P. chiapensis in Colombia and South Africa was 25 m³/ha/yr and 12 m³/ha/yr, respectively, at eight years of age. Provenance and family differences for height and volume were significant at the individual test sites at eight years of age. The La Trinidad (Chiapas) source was the most productive. Forking percent ranged from 3% in South Africa to 38% in San Jose, Colombia at eight years. Provenance × site interactions were significant for forking but not for height and volume. Family × site interactions were significant for height and volume but not for forking. Forty-six percent of the interaction variance between height and location was contributed by only six families. Height/diameter ratios for P. chiapensis were 0.29 and 0.39 in Colombia and South Africa, respectively, and significantly different.     

森林生态系统中林分胸径和树高的Granger因果关系研究

滞后阶数为1时,胸径和树高互为Granger原因,这从理论上证明,建立胸径和树高模型是合理的.当滞后阶数为2时,胸径不再是树高的Granger原因,但树高仍是胸径的Granger原因,两者相比,树高的影响更深远.所以在森林培养时,应更加注重树高,以维持树高对胸径的影响.     

The role of land tenure in conservation of tree and shrub species diversity in miombo woodlands of southern Malawi

Biodiversity is declining throughout southern African miombo woodlands due to poor land use practices that are detrimental to soil, vegetation and habitat. We aimed at examining tree and shrub species diversity and distribution in Uapaca kirkiana-dominated woodlands under three land tenure types; forest reserves, customary and leasehold land. The study was conducted at different forest sites within similar agroecological zone in southern Malawi. Study sites were located at a range of altitudes between 900 and 1,200 m a.s.l. Three circular plots each with 32.60 m radius were established at each study site to sample tree and shrub species composition, structure and distribution under three land tenure types. We found that forest reserves had higher species diversity with an average of 16 tree families, 27 genera and 34 species as compared to only 10 tree families, 6 genera and 6 species on customary forest lands. Comparisons of diameter at breast height size class distributions showed that customary land had significantly low numbers of small (5.0–10.0 cm) and very large (≥30 cm) diameter classes suggesting lower levels of regeneration and high rate of anthropogenic activities. The high species diversity and richness in forest reserves and leasehold land indicate high potential for protected lands to restore tree species diversity. It is concluded that levels of human activities as influenced by land tenure type reduce tree species diversity, composition and distribution at the different sites, and this confirms the hypothesis that open access lands are not compatible with conservation of tree and shrub species diversity because of high anthropogenic activities.