转矩传感器发展现状

介绍了国内外振弦式，应变式，磁致伸缩式，电容式，光电式，磁电式以及磁敏式转矩传感器等的发展现状。这些传感器有些曾经在汽车上得到过应用，但因应变式，电容式，光电式以及磁电式转矩传感器等或者测量精度低，或者抗干扰能力差等问题。目前都未能在汽车上大量使用。     

Path-Coefficient Analysis of Leaf-Anatomical Characters Affecting Frost Injury in Potato

Correlation and path-coefficient analysis for leaf-anatomical characters affecting frost injury was carried out in twenty eight varieties and accessions belonging to several wild and cultivated tuber-bearing species of Solanum in order to identify selection criteria in breeding for frost resistance in potato Palisade thickness and palisade proportion showed a significant negative correlation with frost injury Path-coefficient analysis revealed that palisade thickness had the highest direct negative effect on frost injury whereas leaf thickness, not conforming to its behaviour as found in simple correlation analysis, emerged ax the next highest factor to have direct positive effect on frost injury. Direct and indirect effects of these factors on frost injury vis a vis their interdependence were found to be in support ot the ‘palisade thickness method’ for screening frost resistant genotypes in potato breeding programmes.     

比克氏棉和司笃克氏棉色素腺体形态建成的组织结构观察

对具有子叶色素腺体延缓形成性状的比克氏棉和种子有色素腺体但低酚的司笃克氏棉的休眠种子、幼胚发育过程和种子萌发过程中的子叶进行连续切片观察。结果表明,比克氏棉的种仁中虽无肉眼可见的色素腺体,但具有色素腺体原,其色素腺体形态建成从开花后子叶形态建成后开始到种子萌发后12h才完成。司笃克氏棉在幼胚发育过程中,也出现色素腺体原的结构,但保持的时间较短,到种子成熟时,其种仁中的色素腺体原大多已发育成正常的色素腺体,且色素腺体空腔中含有某些有色物质,腔壁明显不同于比克氏棉或一般有色素腺体棉。司笃克氏棉的色素腺体性状为介于一般有色素腺体棉和具有子叶色素腺体延缓形成性状棉种的中间过渡类型,这种性状在低酚棉育种研究中具有重要的实践意义。     

再生稻产量形成的生理生态特性与关键栽培技术的研究与展望

本文介绍了目前我国再生稻的发展现状,从发育遗传和生理生态角度综述了近年来再生稻产量形成的研究进展,提出采用人工收割高留桩栽培再生稻时,选择头季分蘖力相对较弱、再生季再生力强的重穗型杂交籼稻品种(组合)易获高产;而采用机械化收割低留桩栽培再生稻时,选择具强低位芽再生力的杂交籼稻品种或感光性弱的重穗型杂交粳稻品种(组合)、籼粳交水稻品种(组合)易获高产。头季成熟期至再生季齐穗期根系活力的强弱,直接影响再生季产量的高低,再生季稻高产的前提是健壮的头季根系和一定数量新生根系的有效结合,这有利于促进腋芽的萌发成苗、增加每平方米穗数,是再生稻高产增产的关键。在此基础上,提出适时早播、畦栽沟灌、二次烤田、重施促芽肥、适高留桩的人工收割高留桩再生稻栽培技术,并从品种选择、再生季施肥、留桩高度等方面探讨了机械化收割低留桩蓄留再生稻的关键栽培技术及生理生态机制。最后提出了我国再生稻发展亟待解决的几个问题,认为当前轻简化的机收低留桩再生稻是我国再生稻发展的方向,并对机收低留桩再生稻的进一步研究作了展望。     

杨小舟蛾成虫和蛹自然发育进度研究

采用灯诱成虫和地面化蛹进度调查的方法,系统监测了1998,1999年杨小舟蛾成虫和2010年成虫及蛹的自然发育进度.结果表明:春季气温变化可显著影响越冬代和第1代成虫羽化高峰期的出现及第1,2代害虫的生长发育速度;降雨量偏多可导致害虫发育历期延长,种群数量显著下降;夏季异常气候会引起害虫种群数量发生显著变化,干旱高温的...     

大熊猫生态旅游对大熊猫及其栖息地的影响及对策分析

大熊猫生态旅游是一种独特的生态旅游方式,近年来发展迅速。本文结合生态旅游的知识阐述了大熊猫生态旅游的定义、特点以及开发现状,分析了大熊猫生态旅游对大熊猫及其栖息地产生的不良影响,并提出了科学开发大熊猫生态旅游的相关对策和建议。     

胡桃科各属的木材解剖

胡桃科８属约５０种。我国有７属２７种。半环孔或环孔材,晚材管孔多作＂之＂字形排列;木材重量中等为主,心边材区别多不明显,纹理直,结构略细或粗。导管分子穿孔板单穿孔,个别属梯形穿孔偶见,管间纹孔式互列;轴向薄壁组织离管带状（简称离带）、环管;纤维管胞;射线组织多数异形,少数同形,射线与导管间纹孔式类似管间纹孔式。胡桃科木材经济价值颇大。     

The combined effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and selenium on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and ultrastructure in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) treated in the field

The possible ameliorative effects of selenium (Se) addition to soil on the detrimental effects of enhanced UV-B radiation were tested on strawberry and barley during 4 months of field experiment in Kuopio, Central Finland. Control plants were exposed to ambient levels of UV radiation, using arrays of unenergized lamps. A control for UV-A radiation was also included in the experiment. Added Se, applied as H₂SeO₄, at the level of 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ soil (low dosage) and 1 mg kg⁻¹ soil (high dosage) increased Se concentrations in plants more than 10 and 100 times, respectively. After 4 months of exposure, strawberry and barley plants were harvested for biomass analysis. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured using the Hansatech FMS2 fluorescence monitoring system. Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure were observed by light and transmission electron microscope. Several effects of UV and Se as well as their interaction were found, mostly for strawberry, but not for barley, indicating species-specific responses. Our results provided evidence that the high Se concentration in soil had no ameliorative effect but increased the sensitivity of strawberry to enhanced UV-B radiation in the field. Under ambient radiation, Se did not alter leaf growth of strawberry, whereas under UV-B radiation, the high Se addition significantly decreased leaf growth. Strawberry runner biomass was affected by the interaction of Se and UV. Under ambient radiation Se did not change dry weight of runners, but in combination with UV-A or UV-B radiation the high Se dosage decreased dry weight of runners by about 30%. Although the high Se concentration positively influenced on quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in strawberry leaves, it reduced runner biomass, leaf number and ratio of starch to chloroplast area. This suggests that the harmful effects of the high Se dosage on photosynthetic processes occurred as a result of changes in activity or/and biosynthesis of enzymes, rather than alteration of PSII. At the low concentration, Se effects were slight and variable.Although barley leaves accumulated higher Se concentrations than strawberry, there were no apparent changes in their growth, biomass or chlorophyll fluorescence due to Se effect either alone or in combination with UV-B. However, at the ultrastructural level, an enlargement in the peroxisome area was found due to combination of UV radiation with Se, suggesting the activation of antioxidative enzymes, possibly catalase. Decrease in mitochondrial density in barley cells in response to Se might be attributed to alteration of mitochondrial division. Increase in the proportion of cells with cytoplasmic lipid bodies due to combined effect of UV-B and Se indicated the alteration of lipid metabolism and the acceleration of cell senescence in barley. Main UV-B effects were found, mostly at the tissue and ultrastructural level in strawberry, but not in barley, indicating species-specific susceptibility to enhanced UV-B radiation. UV-B-treated strawberry plants developed marginally thinner leaves with reduced ratio of starch to chloroplast area in their cells, suggesting negative influence of UV-B on photosynthetic processes.     

江苏沿海地区Bt棉主栽品种的性状评价

室内饲养结果表明,与对照品种"苏棉9号"比较,4个Bt棉品种对棉铃虫的抗性都达到极显著水平;饲喂Bt棉组织,能使棉铃虫幼虫发育延缓、蛹期缩短和蛹重减轻;1～3龄棉铃虫幼虫对Bt棉的敏感程度高于4龄以上幼虫。田间调查结果表明,Bt棉田棉铃虫的虫量和蕾铃被害量与对照棉田差异极显著,其趋势与室内试验一致。在棉花品种的生育特性方面,4个Bt棉品种的株高和果枝数与"苏棉9号"相近;蕾铃数量及成铃率高于或接近于常规棉;各品种间生长发育指标的差异均达不到显著水平。按照供试的4个Bt棉品种在当地的抗虫性及丰产性状的优劣排序,依次为"鲁棉研15">"中棉所29">"南抗3号">"科棉1号"。     

公鹅生殖器官发育形态学的研究

对在发育期间的太湖公鹅生殖器官进行了大体解割、组织学和组织化学观察,结果如下:睾丸及曲细精管的发育具有明显的阶段性;附睾区的管道系统在接近性成熟时开始区分明显;交配器官在性成熟前数周发育迅速。对生殖器官各部分进行了磷酸酶和糖类的测定。对非特异性酯酶的测定表明,在睾丸间质细胞其活性与发育相一致。鹅睾丸的血管构筑较哺乳动物简单。