尿素与DCD和有机物料配施条件下氮素的转化和去向

 采用好气土壤培养试验 ,研究了尿素配施有机物料和DCD条件下土壤不同氮库的动态。结果表明 ,尿素、尿素与小麦秸秆、苜蓿秸秆、鸡粪配施的条件下 ,硝化作用在 7d之内完成。DCD处理的NH4 N一直保持较高水平 ,说明DCD对土壤硝化过程有强烈的抑制作用。与单施尿素相比 ,C N高的小麦秸秆显著地降低了NH4 N、NO3 N的含量 ;C N低的苜蓿秸秆和鸡粪显著地增加了NH4 N、NO3 N的含量。土壤易矿化有机态氮不仅含量低 ,且处理之间没有显著差异。与对照相比 ,施肥后土壤微生物氮的含量有所增加 ,但处理间没有达到显著水平。15N标记结果表明 :肥料氮的回收率在 84 .1%～ 92 .0 %之间 ,加入DCD显著提高了肥料氮的回收率 ,其他处理之间没有显著差异。DCD处理肥料氮主要以有机固定态或粘粒矿物固定态存在 ,其次以NH4 N形式存在 ;其他处理肥料氮在土壤中主要以NO3 N形式存在 ,加入秸秆增加了化肥氮被土壤固定的比例 ,鸡粪中的氮素几乎全部以极易矿化的形式存在。     

Influence of DCD and DMPP on soil N dynamics after incorporation of vegetable crop residues

We have investigated the effect of two nitrification inhibitors, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and dicyandiamide (DCD), on the accumulation of and after incorporation of cauliflower residues in incubation experiments. Cauliflower leaves were incubated with soil and DCD or DMPP at two application rates [8.93 and 17.9 mg active component (ac) kg⁻¹ for DCD; 0.89 and 1.79 mg ac kg⁻¹ for DMPP]. Both doses of DCD and DMPP increased on average by 18.9 and 26.0 mg N kg⁻¹ for DCD1 (during 30 days) and DCD2 (during 45 days), respectively, and on average by 14.4 mg N kg⁻¹ for DMPP1 and DMPP2 during a period of at least 95 days. In DCD-treated soils, data followed an S-shaped curve, indicating that nitrification restarted during the experiment: inhibition was on average 24% during 35 days for DCD1 and on average 45% during 49 days for DCD2. Thereafter, amount in DCD-treated soils exceeded that of the cauliflower-only treatment by 31% for DCD1 and 78% for DCD2, probably due to a nitrogen release from DCD itself and a priming effect induced by DCD. In DMPP-treated soils, data followed a linear pattern since nitrification was inhibited during the complete incubation (95 days): inhibition was on average 56 and 64% for DMPP1 and DMPP2, respectively. DMPP did not affect the N mineralization of the crop residues. Under favourable conditions, DCD is able to inhibit the nitrification from crop residues for 50 days and DMPP for at least 95 days. Hence, especially DMPP shows a potential to reduce leaching after incorporation of crop residues.