谷子优质高产栽培技术

谷子为耐旱、耐瘠作物,在生长过程中对土壤、环境、水肥等条件没有严格的要求,但是科学的栽培措施,对于提高其产量和品质等有着至关重要的作用。简要介绍了谷子优质高产栽培技术,旨为谷子生产提供一定的借鉴。     

砂引发对谷子种子活力的影响

试验选用长生04、长农35、长农36、长农38、长农39和晋谷27共6个谷子品种为材料,每品种设置3种处理,研究不同含水量的砂基质引发对谷子活力的影响,结果表明,适宜的砂引发处理能提高谷子种子的活力,6个谷子品种砂引发基质的适宜含水量均为1％。     

黑龙江省谷子生产现状与产业化发展对策

为了准确掌握谷子产业发展现状与技术需求,国家谷子产业技术体系哈尔滨综合试验站对黑龙江省的谷子生产现状及技术需求进行了调研。据此对黑龙江省谷子产业发展的优势、存在的问题做了分析,并提出了黑龙江省谷子生产现状与产业化发展对策。     

褐家鼠对诱鼠剂1号和不同基饵的喜食性

为控制褐家鼠对配制毒饵所用的基饵及工具捕捉用诱饵进行了筛选,在实验室内用经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米、未处理的大米、鸡饲料、玉米和经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米、碎玉米、大碴子、未经处理的玉米分2组进行有选择性摄食试验。结果表明:第一组试验经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米摄食率最高达69%以上,其次为玉米和鸡饲料分别为9%和6.9%,大米最少,还未达到1%,表明诱鼠剂1号明显提高了褐家鼠对大米的适口性。第二组试验经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米和碎玉米最高分别达到45%和42%,其次是未处理的玉米为10%,经诱鼠剂1号处理的大碴子最少为0.18%,经诱鼠剂1号处理的大米比碎玉米略高,但未达到显著差异,二者作基饵效果都是较好的,但从成本角度考虑碎玉米可以替代大米作为配制毒饵的基料。     

Genetic diversity for grain nutrients contents in a core collection of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) germplasm

Finger millet is a promising source of micronutrients and protein besides energy and can contribute to the alleviation of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and protein malnutrition affecting women and preschool children in African and south-east Asian countries. The most cost effective approach for mitigating micronutrient and protein malnutrition is to introduce staple crop cultivars selected and/or bred for Fe, Zn and protein dense grain. Breeding finger millet for enhanced grain nutrients is still in its infancy. Analysis, detection and exploitation of the existing variability among the germplasm accessions are the initial steps in breeding micronutrient and protein-dense finger millet cultivars. Evaluation of finger millet core collection for grain nutrients and agronomic traits revealed a substantial genetic variability for grain Fe, Zn, calcium (Ca) and protein contents. The accessions rich in nutrient contents were identified and their agronomic diversity assessed. The accessions rich in Zn content have significantly higher grain yield potential than those rich in Fe and protein content. Grain nutrient-specific accessions and those contrasting for nutrient contents were identified for use in the strategic research and cultivar development in finger millet.     

农户种植张杂谷影响因素实证分析

依据对张杂谷种植农户的调查资料,运用两项logistic模型,对采用张杂谷技术意愿影响因素作了实证研究。结果表明：文化程度、张杂谷增长效果、产量、劳动力占家庭人口数、用工数对农户是否继续采用张杂谷有显著性正向影响,年龄和家庭主要收入来源对农户是否继续采用张杂谷有显著性负向影响。张杂谷应该重点向文化程度水平高,以种植业为主要收入,劳动力比较多的家庭倾斜。提出对种植张杂谷进行补贴,加大张杂谷科研力度,对农民进行种植张杂谷培训等建议。     

Effect of different soaking conditions on inhibitory factors and bioaccessibility of iron and zinc in pearl millet

Pearl millet was decorticated to obtain a bran rich and endosperm rich fraction. The two fractions were soaked in solutions with varying pH. Pearl millet grains were germinated and steamed followed by decortication to obtain two fractions. It was observed that bran rich fractions contained high concentrations of iron, zinc, polyphenols, phytic acid, fibre and flavonoids. Soaking for short duration of 3 h did not result in major mineral losses but decreased the inhibitory factors which depended on the pH. Alkaline soaking decreased flavonoid content by 62.7% in the endosperm rich fraction, while acidic soaking decreased phytic acid content to the maximum in the bran rich fraction. Combination of treatments like germination and heat decreased the phytate content to the maximum in the endosperm rich fraction. Acidic conditions improved zinc bioaccessibility in the bran rich fraction (35%) and iron bioaccessibility (2.5%) in the endosperm rich fraction. Bran rich fraction from germinated grain also had enhanced bioaccessibility of both the minerals but comparatively lesser when compared to soaking under acidic conditions. Soaking the grain components under slightly less than neutral conditions also decreased some of the inhibitory factors and improved the zinc bioaccessibility to some extent in the bran rich fraction.     

谷子杂交种早衰对产量构成的影响研究

为了研究探索早衰对谷子杂交种产量构成的影响。本试验采用完全随机区组设计,用多重比较及聚类分析的方法,对山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所自育的8 个杂交种和‘晋谷49 号’的产量构成因素与早衰程度的相关性做出分析。结果表明,对照在早衰最轻的前提下产量最高,其余参试材料的产量随着早衰的加剧逐步减产,减产幅度在12.35%~36.14%之间。并且早衰程度与穗粒重、千粒重、产量呈极显著负相关。早衰现象与杂交种的亲本不育源存在一定的相关性。可见,早衰严重影响谷子杂交种的产量,在选育品种时应尽量选择优良、品质好的抗早衰遗传基因。     

微垄膜侧沟播对夏播谷子根系及产量的影响

针对夏播谷子80%以上种植于旱地、产量低而不稳的问题,采用随机区组设计,研究了微垄膜侧沟播对谷子根系生长发育和产量的影响,结果表明:微垄膜侧沟播对谷子根系的生长发育和产量具有显著的促进作用,微垄膜侧沟播的总根长、总表面积、总体积、根尖数、根直径均显著高于对照,分别较对照增加了14.63%、21.59%、31.59%、11.44%、12.39%。产量增加44.59%,产量与根长、总表面积、总体积、根尖数、根干物重、根直径具有显著的正相关关系,发达的根系是微垄膜侧沟播技术增产的根源。     

谷子农艺品质性状的变异分析与糯性鉴定

为了明确谷子的农艺和品质性状,快速鉴定胚乳的粳糯性,以11份谷子品种为材料,利用SAS 9.3软件和I₂-IK染色技术,对其农艺和品质性状变异、相关性与籽粒粳糯性进行分析。结果表明,供试谷子品种单穗重的变异系数最大,为20.73%,节间数最小,为6.05%。糯质类型单穗重与单穗粒重和出米率的相关系数均为0.98,单穗粒重与出米率的相关系数为0.97,均达到极显著正相关;非糯类型单穗重与单穗粒重的相关系数为0.99,穗长和穗下节间长与出米率的相关系数分别为-0.94和-0.82,均达到极显著正或负相关。节数与单穗重和单穗粒重均达到显著正相关。非糯类型具有较低的糊化温度、较高的胶稠度和直连淀粉含量。‘杏黄粘’、‘猫爪粘’、‘白米粘谷’等糯质类型I₂-IK染色呈红褐色,‘鸭子嘴’、‘金丰谷’、‘丰田501’、‘200106’、‘赤谷9号’和‘9931-2-1-2’等非糯类型呈蓝色。