Pathways to breaking the poverty trap in Ethiopia: Investments in agricultural water, education, and markets

Investments in agricultural water management should complement or strengthen the livelihood and coping systems of the rural poor, and should thus be instrumental for breaking the poverty trap in Ethiopia. Underdeveloped water resources constrain progress towards poverty reduction. We examine linkages and complementarities between agricultural water, education, markets and rural poverty through an empirical study using household level data from selected villages in southern Ethiopia. We show that investments in irrigation can contribute to poverty reduction, but the poverty reducing impacts of irrigation water are greater when human capital and rural markets are well developed. The size of landholding, access to irrigation water, on-farm land and water conservation practices, literacy of the household head, and years of education of adults are all significant determinants of household welfare, and thus potential pathways for reducing poverty. Expansion of cultivated land, particularly irrigated land, universal literacy, and an extra school year for adults all reduce poverty, but reductions in poverty are greater when irrigation is combined with universal literacy. These findings call for simultaneous investments in agricultural water, education, markets and related policy support measures for reducing poverty in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia.     

黑龙江省城乡居民畜产品消费研究

分析了黑龙江省城乡居民的畜产品消费现状,指出黑龙汪畜产品消费存在消费能力不足、消费结构不合理、质量安全隐患和收入组群消费差异化程度不强等问题,提出了从树立健康消费理念、加强畜产品全程产业链质量监控、提高可支配收入入手,推动畜产品消费结构的健康升级的建议。     

高校大学生茶叶消费情况与消费观念的调查分析

以清华大学、西北农林科技大学、云南大学、云南农业大学等11所高校的在校大学生为对象,采用随机抽样问卷调查的方式,从高校在校大学生对茶叶消费情况、消费观念等方面进行了调查。结果表明,调查对象中50%以上的大学生喜欢饮茶,消费茶类以绿茶为主,能够接受的茶叶价格相对较低,重视质量胜过品牌,对新型饮茶方式及茶品表现出了较高的认可度,但是对茶叶品质鉴别等茶叶相关知识相对缺乏。根据调查结果提出了开拓大学生茶叶消费市场的建议。     

Estimates of sea turtle mortality from poaching and bycatch in Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Bahia Magdalena on the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, is an important feeding and nursery ground for black turtles Chelonia mydas, loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta, olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea, and hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata. Despite international and national protection, sea turtles continue to be caught incidentally and hunted for consumption in large numbers. This study examines the mortality of sea turtles in Bahia Magdalena, focusing on (1) species distribution and number of carcasses found, (2) causes of death, (3) size frequency distribution and % juveniles in the catch, and (4) changes in average size over the past years. A total of 1945 turtle carcasses were found from April 2000 to July 2003 along beaches and in towns of the region with loggerhead (44.1%) and black turtles (36.9%) being the dominant species. Slaughter for human consumption was the primary cause of death of carcasses found in towns (95-100%), while carcasses on beaches mostly died of unknown causes (76-100%). Circumstantial evidence suggests however, that incidental bycatch was the main mortality cause on beaches. Black turtles suffered the highest consumption mortality overall (91%), followed by olive ridley (84%), hawksbill (83%) and loggerhead turtles (63%). Over 90% of all turtles found were juveniles or subadults. Carapace length of black turtles declined consistently over the sampling period, while that of loggerhead turtles increased. Our results strongly suggest that turtles are being taken at high and unsustainable rates; this may partially explain why the populations have not recovered despite widespread protection on nesting beaches.     

2020年中国猪肉市场回顾及未来走势

由于一系列生猪产业扶持政策效果的显现。2020年生猪产能持续恢复,全国生猪存栏和能繁母猪存栏不断增长。消费方面,年初的“新冠肺炎疫情”对消费有抑制作用,之后消费恢复。价格方面,2020年初价格达到第一波高峰,8月份价格再次上涨,12月份价格上涨趋势明显。预估2021年,生猪产能继续恢复,猪肉供销将趋于稳定。     

燃烧室内润滑油消耗影响因素的研究

围绕润滑油经气缸，活塞、活塞环流入燃烧室的途径，介绍了气缸内表面的粗糙度和失圆方向，活塞顶岸与气缸套的间隙，油环的追随性系数，油环的重量，油环与气缸壁的接触面压，第一道环的闭口间隙，滑动面和梯形环角度等因素对润滑油消耗量的影响。     

基于消费心理学的企业营销策略浅析

企业作为市场主体,若想在竞争中取胜,先得征服消费者;欲要征服消费者,先得征服消费者的心。因此,研究消费者心理对企业的营销决策乃至生存和发展都至关重要。在综合国内外这一领域发展里程和现有成果的基础上,针对心理学在营销活动中的表现,创造性地提出了一些具体措施和建议,以期对企业经营决策和良性循环有所裨益。     

基于生态足迹理论的武汉市居民消费生态足迹研究

概括了1996—2007年武汉市各类型用地的变化,运用生态足迹的理论和研究方法,从时间序列的角度,分析了生态足迹产生变化的主要原因,并根据分析的结果,为城市生态系统建设及可持续发展提供了合理的对策和建议。     

山东省农村居民人均纯收入与消费支出及其区域差异分析

本研究引用2011年《山东统计年鉴》相关数据,运用SPSS20．0统计软件及GIS相关软件,采用回归分析、聚类分析及GIS空间分析等方法对原始数据进行分类处理,得到了山东省近十年农民人均纯收入、生活消费支出的相关关系及十七市农民家庭收支的分布规律,将十七市农民人均纯收入、生活消费支出都分为三类。结果显示：近年来山东省的农民收入、消费水平明显提高,但区域之间发展不平衡,收入水平差异很大,各市之间消费支出差异与收入水平之间的差异较均衡。最后,在综合分析的基础上,提出了合理化建议。     

生物质燃料烘烤应用研究

本文对生物质燃料烘烤和燃煤烘烤的烤后烟叶经济性状、外观质量、炉中烘烤用工数量及燃料消耗进行比较分析,旨在为生物质烘烤示范推广提供参考依据。结果表明,与常规燃料烘烤相比,生物质颗粒燃料烘烤后烟叶经济性状表现较好,上等烟比例、均价较高,外观质量整体较好。同时,生物质颗粒燃料烘烤用工、燃料消耗都比燃煤烘烤低。