柑橘灰象甲危害园林苗木习性观察及防治试验

对园林苗木生长过程中柑橘灰象甲的生长习性（趋嫩性、选择性、避光性、假死性、交配习性、越冬习性等）进行观察,并从农业防治、人工防治、物理防治、生物防治等进行防治试验,形成初步观察和试验结果,旨在为园林苗木防治提供一定的技术参考。     

洁利康对有机磷农药残留的去除效果

[目的]明确洁利康对有机磷农药残留的去除效果。[方法]以洗涤灵、洁利康和清水为供试清洗剂,采用高效液相色谱法,研究洁利康对大白菜叶片表面的对硫磷、水胺硫磷残留的去除效果。[结果]洁利康对大白菜叶片水胺硫磷残留的去除率为82.3%,而洗涤灵和清水的去除率分别为78.7%和62.2%。洁利康对大白菜叶片对硫磷残留的去除率达90.8%,洗涤灵和清水的去除率分别为81.2%和76.9%。[结论]洁利康能有效去除大白菜叶片表面的有机磷农药残留,是很有发展前途的专用农药残留清洗剂。     

关于宁夏枸杞实行节水灌溉的思考

针对宁夏引黄灌区黄河引水量逐年降低和宁夏枸杞在宁夏经济发展中的重要地位,结合宁夏枸杞抗旱抗盐生理基础和当前先进的作物节水灌溉原理和方法,提出开展控制性交替灌溉节水栽培技术的必要性和可行性,对于改变当前宁夏引黄灌区水资源紧张、农业灌溉水分利用效率低的现状以及加速宁夏枸杞的进一步发展具有重要的现实意义。     

我国核桃嫁接繁殖技术研究进展

为了总结核桃砧木苗应用情况、核桃嫁接方法以及影响嫁接成活率的关键因素等方面的研究进展,为今后更好地开展核桃砧木应用和嫁接育苗工作奠定基础,本文在阐述了7种不同核桃砧木苗、4种核桃嫁接方法的基础上,进一步分析了伤流、温度、嫁接时期和砧穗亲和力等因素对核桃嫁接成活率的影响,总结了我国核桃苗木繁育方面的研究与应用概况。最后,针对核桃产业健康发展,提出了以下对策建议：(1)依据良种核桃对土地条件的要求,坚持适地适树和因地制宜原则;(2)加快新技术和新产品研发,提升核桃产业链条科技含量;(3)加强合作组织建设,建立多元化的经济合作组织。     

Automatic detection of skin defects in citrus fruits using a multivariate image analysis approach

One of the main problems in the post-harvest processing of citrus is the detection of visual defects in order to classify the fruit depending on their appearance. Species and cultivars of citrus present a high rate of unpredictability in texture and colour that makes it difficult to develop a general, unsupervised method able of perform this task. In this paper we study the use of a general approach that was originally developed for the detection of defects in random colour textures. It is based on a Multivariate Image Analysis strategy and uses Principal Component Analysis to extract a reference eigenspace from a matrix built by unfolding colour and spatial data from samples of defect-free peel. Test images are also unfolded and projected onto the reference eigenspace and the result is a score matrix which is used to compute defective maps based on the T² statistic. In addition, a multiresolution scheme is introduced in the original method to speed up the process. Unlike the techniques commonly used for the detection of defects in fruits, this is an unsupervised method that only needs a few samples to be trained. It is also a simple approach that is suitable for real-time compliance. Experimental work was performed on 120 samples of oranges and mandarins from four different cultivars: Clemenules, Marisol, Fortune, and Valencia. The success ratio for the detection of individual defects was 91.5%, while the classification ratio of damaged/sound samples was 94.2%. These results show that the studied method can be suitable for the task of citrus inspection.     

药用植物昆虫学课程教学方法改革的几点思考

针对药用植物昆虫学课程的教学方法改革进行了研究和实践,在实践中总结了一系列的教学体会,对提高本课程的教学效果,提高学生的主动思考能力、创造能力和实践能力的培养提供了有效参考,为培养出满足社会需要的本科人才提供有效保障。     

Sampling for ants in different-aged spruce forests: A comparison of methods

It is necessary to use special sampling method for studying of each animal group. However each method has its specificity and describes the studied community a bit differently. Three common methods for sampling of ants were compared: soil excavation, pitfall traps and baits. Ants were sampled in 25 patches in a large spruce forest in the Czech Republic during 2005 and 2006. Each patch represented one of five age classes (0–2, 3–5, 8–12, 26–41 and 85–105 years old), and the patches were located in five sites such that the five patches in each site formed a chronosequence. The percentage of variability in ants as explained by other sampling techniques was as follows: 60.0% of the variability in bait data was explained by pitfall trap data, while only 19.7% of the variability in pitfall trap data was explained by excavation data. Species and numbers of ants on baits were strongly affected by bait type: Myrmica species preferred honey whereas Formicinae preferred tuna bait. Assembly composition in pitfall traps varied significantly between study sites. The position of sampling site in landscape (location in the forest regardless of the immediate habitat type where the trap was located) hence strongly affected ants. Proportions of ants in particular methods were equal in the majority of cases. For excavation samples, ant numbers and species were more influenced by the immediate habitat than the wider habitat, but the opposite was true for samples from pitfall traps.     

沧州品牌蔬菜发展战略分析

阐述了品牌蔬菜在沧州发展的必要性及现存的主要问题,提出了沧州蔬菜生产品牌战略发展的建议。     

作物根系研究法最新进展

对近年来的作物根系研究法最新进展作了较为全面的综述,简要叙述了各方法的操作要点,分析了各方法的优点和使用对象。     

皖南黄红壤改良的对策与措施

黄红壤是皖南地区区域经济发展的一个重要自然资源,但不合理的土壤利用与管理阻碍了该区的农业持续发展。笔者在评价皖南地区的气候条件、植被资源、土壤生态系统的基础上,讨论了当前皖南黄红壤地区土壤生态系统中存在的问题,并提出了黄红壤改良的对策与措施：（1）实行农林复合生产,优化土地利用方式,以提高水土资源的利用率,（2）消除土壤“酸、瘠”等限制因子,提高土壤生产率;（3）增施有机肥,平衡施用化肥以补充土壤养分,调控养分循环;（4）建立适宜的耕作制度,改善土壤性质,防止水土流失,提高生产效率和经济效益。