喷施营养液对菊花扦插生根和生理生化代谢的影响

以切花菊品种‘秀芳白’为试材,在扦插生根过程中不同时期喷施营养液后,测定了扦插生根指标和插穗叶片生理、生化指标的动态变化。结果表明,喷施营养液的插穗生根数、生根率以及插穗鲜重和干重与未喷施营养液的对照相比显著增加。喷施营养液和未喷施营养液的对照插穗叶片叶绿素含量早期(0~5 d)均出现下降趋势,扦插后期(20~25 d)与对照相比明显增加。喷施营养液的插穗叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量在扦插中期(10~20 d)和后期高于对照,而且第1 d开始喷施营养液的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于第5 d开始喷施营养液的处理。扦插过程中所有处理的核酸含量均出现上升趋势,而喷施营养液的核酸含量在扦插后期与对照相比显著增加,这说明扦插时外源喷施营养液可促进菊花插穗叶片营养物质的积累,从而促进生根和提高扦插苗品质。     

亳菊茎尖愈伤组织诱导与再生植株的研究

[目的]研究亳菊茎尖组织培养技术,为亳菊产业化生产提供科学依据。[方法]在不同的MS培养基中,考察不同浓度的6-BA、NAA对亳菊茎尖愈伤组织、丛生芽、再生植株诱导的影响。[结果]茎尖诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS＋1.00 mg/L6-BA＋0.30mg/L NAA,以MS＋0.50 mg/L6-BA＋0.10 mg/L NAA为芽的诱导培养基,芽诱导率达100%;最佳的生根培养基为1/2MS＋0.30 mg/L IBA。[结论]通过亳菊茎尖愈伤组织培养技术,可以达到快速繁殖的目的。     

温室标准切花菊干物质生产和分配模型

 【目的】干物质生产与分配是菊花（Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.）外观品质形成的基础。本研究建立一个预测温室标准切花菊各器官干重和植株地上部分鲜重的模型，为温室标准切花菊外观品质的调控提供决策支持。【方法】根据光温对菊花生长的影响，通过不同定植期和不同品种的试验，建立以生理辐热积（Physiological product of thermal effectiveness and PAR，PTEP）为尺度的温室标准切花菊干物质生产和分配模型，并用独立的试验数据对模型进行检验。【结果】模型对温室标准切花菊的植株总干重、叶干重、茎干重、花干重和单株地上部分鲜重的模拟值与实测值的符合度较好，模拟值与实测值间1:1线的决定系数（R2）和回归估计标准误差（RMSE）分别为：0.97、0.97、0.97、0.83、0.99；67.5 g•m-2、22.4 g•m-2、28.2 g•m-2、15.4 g•m-2、3.73 g/株。本模型对菊花植株干物质生产的预测精度明显高于基于光合作用驱动的生长模型（R2和RMSE分别为0.82和274.68 g•m-2）。【结论】本研究建立的模型能较准确地预测温室标准切花菊的干物质生产和各个器官的干重，模型的实用性较强，可以为温室标准切花菊生产中的光温调控提供理论依据和决策支持。     

优质独本菊和多头菊规模化生产的研究

通过以独本菊和多头菊为研究对象,对其进行了育苗和栽培试验,研究结果表明:间歇式全光雾照扦插出的苗品质好,省时省事,B9和多效唑结合使用矮化效果好,且垄作的比平地的栽培效果好,有利于规模化生产。     

康乃馨、菊花快速繁殖有效苗探讨

探讨了康乃馨、菊花组织培养快速繁殖培养基的激素组成和继代苗芽数对繁殖系数、有效苗指数、继代繁殖系数、产苗量、生根率的影响。结果表明：6－BA浓度较高时，繁殖系数、继代繁殖系数、产苗量均提高，但有效苗分化率降低，苗较弱。而较低浓度的6－BAE合适当的NAA，有效苗分化率较高，苗较壮。NAA与IBA配合使用，康乃馨生根快，移栽成活率高；菊花生根NAA浓度不宜大于1mg／L。根据工厂化生产不同规模要求，利用不同的激素配比，既可得到一定数量的可分批诱导生根的有效苗，又可达到快速繁殖的目的。     

三个药用菊品种的细胞学研究

对原产中国的３个药用菊品种－抗白菊，滁菊，怀菊的核型及减数分裂进行了研究，结果表明，抗白菊２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３６＝２Ｍ＋１８ｍ＋１６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）减粉分裂中期Ｉ（ＭＩ）平均每个芬粉母细胞（ＰＭＣ）有０．２０Ｉ＋１７．７０Ⅱ＋０．１０Ⅳ，滁菊２ｎ＝６ｘ＝５４＝２４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ＋２ｔ，在ＭＩ平均每个ＰＭＣ有０．４４Ｉ＋２６．６６Ⅱ＋０．０６Ⅳ，怀菊２ｎ＝６ｘ＋１＝５５＝６Ｍ＋２６ｍ＋１     

菊花叶的矿物元素及其饮料配方的研究

菊花叶是南京市民喜吃的一种野菜,更是宾馆酒楼的上档菜之一。在食品工业步入天然、高科技时代,它具有应用价值和良好前景。测定了菊花叶的9种矿物元素的含量,对菊花叶饮料的生产工艺和配方进行了研究。通过正交试验及方差分析,确定出该饮料的最佳组合方式为A₃E₁B₂C₂D₃,即澄清的菊花叶汁用量30%,柠檬酸钾0.2%,蔗糖4%,蜂蜜2.2%,柠檬酸0.4%,水为63.2%。通小试,还确定出产品最适稳定剂配方为0.12%CMC和0.03%海藻酸钠复合使用     

Inheritance of flower color in Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) using cultivars and inbreds. II. Vacuole pigmentation

Summary Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) garden cultivars Vulcan, with deep red ray florest, and Superior, with orange ray petals, were crossed as female with 16 inbred clones and the progeny assessed visually for flower color in 3 environments. Intensity of vacuole pigmentation in ray florets appeared to vary continuously. Evaluation was facilitated by placing plants in 7 color classes ranging from red, the most intense, through orange, an intermediate intensity, to yellow, the apparent lack of vacuole pigmentation. A simple hexaploid model with additive gene action, suggested by the 7 color classes, was inappropriate, as more than 50% of the plants in Vulcan families were red and more than 60% of the plants in Superior families were orange. Comparing evaluations of parental clones in 2 glasshouse and 2 field environments and considering data from an experiment, in which progeny first classified in the glasshouse were reevaluated in the field, revealed substantial shifts in classification. In the glasshouse, more individuals appeared in the red and orange classes, while field evaluation placed more individuals in classes adjacent to red and orange. However, the predominance of progeny in the color class of the common parent, that is, red for the Vulcan and orange for the Superior families, occurred in both glasshouse and field. Plants scored as other than red appeared in crosses between Vulcan and 3 red inbreds, suggesting that red ray petals are not conditioned by a homozygous genotype. The orange of Superior and orange progeny may be due to a single dominant gene causing mosaic-like distribution of red vacuole pigmentation over yellow plastid pigmentation. Because cloned genotypes were classified differently in diverse environments, critical genetic analysis of vacuole pigmentation will require cloned progeny and multiple-environment evaluation.     

Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of flower color phenotypes in Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramatuelle inbreds and clonal cultivars

Summary Four glasshouse and 13 garden chrysanthemum cultivars or inbred seedlings from the color groups white, yellow, pink/purple, and orange/red/bronze were analyzed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for qualitative and quantitative pigment constituents. TLC confirmed the presence of eight carotenoids in yellow and bronze cultivars. Qualitative differences exised only for spots 5–8. Rf values for lutein matched those of spot 4. Flavonoid analysis of purples and bronzes revealed two anthocyanidins, one of which was cyanidin, one flavone, and two phenylpropanoids. White cultivars had four phenylpropanoids, two of which were caffeic and ferulic acids. In most cases, inbred and non-inbred cultivars within a given phenotypic class did not exhibit qualitative differences. Color analysis could be pursued at any level of inbreeding, but inheritance studies would be severely hampered using non-inbred genotypes of this hexaploid floricultural crop.     

菊花品种的过氧化物酶同功酶分析

试验对40多个菊花品种进行过氧化物酶同功酶分析的结果表明:1、酶谱表达具品种特征.品种间酶谱的差异程度与品种性状的差异程度表现一致;而且同品种植株在同一生育期内,叶、茎器官的酶谱均表现稳定,也不因年份或栽培条件而变化.2、同品种不同器官、生育期酶谱具特异性,叶、茎、花三器官之间存在酶谱差异.而且均随生育期的进展,谱带增多,活性加强.其中叶、茎为适宜取样器官,适宜取样时期为含苞待放期或花完全开放期.