Regeneration of mixed deciduous forest in a Dutch forest-heathland, following a reduction of ungulate densities

The conversion of single-species coniferous forest stands into mixed stands by promoting the natural regeneration of indigenous broadleaved tree species was studied in a forest-heathland on the Veluwe, in the central part of the Netherlands. Red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) had a large impact on regeneration dynamics, as was established by comparing 20 pairs of fenced and unfenced plots (40 × 40 m) during a 10-year period. A fivefold reduction of total herbivore biomass to 500 kg per km², resulted in a strong increase of shrub and tree sapling numbers in all vegetation types. However, height growth of the most palatable broadleaved tree species was still strongly impeded. Under the present-day grazing pressure, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) will become the dominant canopy species in the forests in the near future. It is argued that the most browse-sensitive woody species such as pedunculate and sessile oak (Quercus robur and Q. petraea) will successfully regenerate, only if temporal and spatial variation in browsing pressure is allowed to occur.     

梅花鹿三种保定药物对比实验

本文通过用静松灵、司可林、眠乃宁三种保定药物保定梅花鹿对比实验，得出：①静松灵一次性给药剂量较大，生产中操作不方便。②司可林一次给药剂量虽小，但有效剂量与致死剂量十分接近，剂量误差易导致鹿死亡。③静松灵和司可林均无有效拮抗药物，且后遗性影响较大。④眠乃宁注射剂量适中，剂量误差不会导致鹿死亡，无后遗性影响。拮抗药物苏醒灵拮抗效果优良，使眠乃宁的应用更安全。     

青海藏羊,马鹿血清中HBsAg的检测

采用人乙型肝炎ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒，检测青海地区藏羊及马鹿血清中乙型肝炎表面抗原。结果：藏羊血清中ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率为１０％，马鹿血清中未查出。     

梅花鹿初角茸的常规成分和矿物质元素分析

对双阳梅花鹿初角茸的常规成分和部分矿物质元素进行分析,以便为梅花鹿初角茸的应用提供参考,为制定梅花鹿茸指标性成分标准做基础性探讨,结果表明:梅花鹿初角茸中含有水分6.87%,粗蛋白54.88%,粗脂肪2.46%,粗灰分37.07%;水浸出物10.81%,醇浸出物2.29%,醚浸出物1.36%;常量元素Ca、P、Na、K、Mg、Mn的含量分别为195.340,71.700,7.066,2.476,3.443,5.810 mg/g,微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu的含量分别为176.63,66.93,8.61μg/g。     

海南坡鹿在广州地区的饲养与繁殖

1999年广州动物园从海南引进一对海南坡鹿进行饲养和繁殖,至今已繁殖5胎,成活4头,成活率达80％。海南坡鹿在广州地区的发情期为每年12月至翌年3月,发情高峰期为1～2月,妊娠期237—240天。海南坡鹿的精饲料以正大康地公司出口的奶牛D19颗粒料为主,辅以黄豆、苹果、番薯,草料以象草和苜蓿草为主。海南坡鹿引种到广州地区进行繁育是可行的。     

Serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus 2 in northern New Zealand

In the pathological collection of native fauna diseases held at the Taronga Zoo, Sydney, there are materials from about 300 wild, free range brush-tail possums from the Sydney area. Thirty-five of these have neurologic lesions.     

妊娠后期梅花鹿母鹿精料营养成分分析及营养物质表观消化率测定

本研究采用化学分析和部分粪便收集法,对大连森林动物园妊娠后期梅花鹿精料营养成分及主要营养物质的表观消化率进行测定。结果表明:大连其精料中干物质(DM)含量为95.71%,粗蛋白(CP)为22.88%,粗脂肪(EE)为5.37%,粗纤维(CF)为4.16%,无氮浸出物(NFE)为56.21%,粗灰分(Ash)为7.09%,Ca为1.57%,总能(GE)含量为17.74mJ/kg;母鹿日干物质摄入量为1.26kg,DM、CP、CF、Ca和GE表观消化率分别为74.26%,74.26%,82.74%,69.38%,79.41%和78.25%。精料中主要营养成分、干物质日摄入量及营养物质消化率均较高,能满足妊娠后期梅花鹿母鹿在动物园这种特殊环境下的营养需要。     

Detection of Ehrlichia muris DNA from sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan

Ehrlichia muris DNA was detected in the blood of sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) by species-specific PCR based on the citrate synthase gene, which was shown to be more sensitive than species-specific PCR based on the 16S rRNA gene. Among 102 deer examined, one deer was positive. Deer may be a possible mammalian reservoir of E. muris.     

Population density and range use of sika deer,Cervus nippon, on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan

We investigated the population density and range use of sika deer,Cervus nippon, on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan, from July 1996 to July 1997. The deer population density estimated by the block count was high at 17.5–30.9 deer/km². Although the deer remained this area from spring to fall, they moved out in winter, probably because of deep snow. A spotlight count showed that the deer prefer the eastern area as spring-summer range, where the forest consists of coniferous trees over a floor cover ofSasa nipponica, andS. nipponica grassland. The deer also use dense coniferous forest for cover, especially in summer and fall. Part of this study was presented at the 108th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1997). This study was financially supported by the Environment Agency, Japan.     

塔里木河流域5个地理种群的叶尔羌高原鳅遗传多样性分析

为研究塔里木河流域叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis)群体的遗传多样性,基于高通量测序平台,对叶尔羌高原鳅基因组进行测序,并筛选出符合条件的微卫星位点,设计100对用于PCR扩增的引物,最终筛选出39对具有多态性的引物,挑选多态性较高的15对在5个河段叶尔羌高原鳅种群中进行扩增,分析不同种群的遗传多样性和种群分化情况。结果显示,5个叶尔羌高原鳅群体的平均等位基因数(Na)和有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为48.467和15.181,平均观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.578和0.929,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.893,种群间遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.102。其中,车尔臣河群体等位基因数最多(18.143),阿克苏河群体等位基因数最少(10.429);阿克苏河群体的观测杂合度最高(0.706),台特玛湖群体的观测杂合度最低(0.517);阿尔干群体的多态信息含量最高(0.877),阿克苏河群体的多态信息含量最低(0.760);阿克苏河与台南河群体的遗传距离最小(0.606),阿尔干与台南河群体遗传距离最大(1.901);阿尔干群体与台南河群体遗传相似度最低(0.149),阿克苏河与台南河群体的遗传相似度最高(0.545)。群体遗传结构显示,车尔臣河与台特玛湖、阿克苏河与台南河、阿尔干群体分别聚为独立分支。研究表明,塔里木河各个河段叶尔羌高原鳅之间虽然有一定的差异,但仍然有基因交流现象。