辣椒雄蕊雌化的形态解剖学特征

采用形态解剖和石蜡切片法,对雄蕊雌化辣椒花和果实发育过程进行观察。形态学观察结果表明,雌化 花芽较正常花芽肥大,雌化雄蕊可结实但非常小,位于正常辣椒果实果柄处。另外有部分雄蕊雌化和雄蕊全部雌化 两种突变体。显微切片结果显示,雌化雄蕊原基呈扁平叶状突起,后期发育成类似心皮的叶状体,边缘靠合或缝合形 成类似边缘胎座的子房。雄蕊在雌化过程中,形态上表现不同程度雌化,并且表现出一系列的中间过渡类型。另外雌 化“子房”内有“胚珠”,并且雌化雄蕊的“胚珠”与正常子房中的胚珠相似。     

辣椒过氧化物酶同工酶研究及模糊聚类分析

以辣椒属(Capsicum)的7个种(包括4个变种、3个类型)计172个品种为试材,于成株期取功能叶片进行制样分析,得出过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶的基本酶谱为12条酶带,并将172份材料中各个种、类型出现的过氧化物酶同工酶表型频率用模糊聚类分析(fuzzy clusber analysis)方法进行动态聚类.结果表明,C.annuum的两个变种关系极近;C.baccatum的两个变种关系也很近; C.chi-nense与C.frutescens关系较近,这两个种及C.praetermissum与C.annuum关系亦较近,而C.annuum与C.baccatum、eximium C.chacoense关系则较远.从而得出,普通栽培辣椒,首先应该利用其野生种C.annuum var.annuum的有用基因,其次是C.frutescens、C.chinense及C.praetermissum,最后才应当考虑利用C.eximium、C.baccatum及C.chacoense的有用基因.据此对辣椒属的起源、分类及上述种质材料在育种上的应用问题进行了讨论.     

Evidence for salt tolerance in pepper varieties (Capsicum annuum L.) in Tunisia

Summary Salt tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is described in terms of yield, mortality and root weight. Significant differences in absolute and in relative salt tolerance were demonstrated between Tunisian varieties. Relative salt tolerance of Beldi was found to be due to its root system which remained unreduced under stress condition; local adaptation could be involved. D'hirat showed interesting levels of absolute salt tolerance and low mortality. An EC_w-value \s-> 7.63 dS/m was critical for almost all characters observed, with reductions of approximately 50%. Fruit weight and shoot-root ratio were not significantly affected by high salt concentrations of the irrigation water.     

Characterization of graft-induced change in capsaicin content of Capsicum annuum L.

Summary Capsaicin contents were measured in the progenies from the test crosses between the strain, G₅S₁₇ derived from fruit with the graft-induced change in fruit shape and the original two cultivars, Yatsubusa (Capsicum annuum L. var fasciculatum Ilish) and Spanish Paprika (C. annuum L. var. grossum Sendt) used for grafting.The strain, G₅S₁₇ contained a lower amount of capsaicin than the original pungent cultivar Yatsubusa used as scion. The characteristic of the lowered capsaicin content in the strain has been stably inherited through seed propagation, and has also been transmitted to the progenies from the crosses with the original two cultivars used for scion or stock. These features in the capsaicin content agreed with those in fruit shape in the graft-induced change.     

辣椒细胞质雄性不育系离体培养植株再生研究

以辣椒细胞质雄性不育系9704A和8214A为试材，取无菌苗真叶进行培养。研究了不同浓度的IAA,6-BA和GA3对不定芽的诱导和伸长作用，结果表明：MS+6-BA5.0 mg/L +IAA1.0 mg/L有利于不定芽的诱导。MB+IAA1.0 mg/ L +6-BA3.0 mg/L + GA32.0 mg/L +AgNO310.0 mg/L有利于芽的伸长。将2.0 cm以上的芽转入生根培养基诱导不定根发现：1/2Ms+IAA0.3~0.5 mg/L有利于不定根的诱导。     

Resistance to the glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw.) in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Summary Fourteen cultivars, one F₁-hybrid and one half-wild type (Cind) of sweet pepper were tested on resistance to glasshouse whitefly. Several mutually significant levels of resistance were found. Most resistant appeared to be California Wonder, Severka M, Korál and Yolo Wonder. During the test sweet pepper plants were infested both with whiteflies and their parasite — Encarsia formosa, which caused the blackening of whitefly puparia. The blackened puparia are easily seen, enabling an easier and more rapid evaluation of the number of puparia present.     

Initial screening of chili and sweet pepper germplasm for resistance to chili thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood

Summary A preliminary evaluation for resistance to chili thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood of 41 and 194 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasms during 1987 and 1988, respectively, indicated chili accessions may be a promising source of resistance. In contrast, all sweet pepper accessions tested were highly susceptible. A number of chili accessions produced a moderate yield, in spite of a high thrips infestation indicating tolerance to S. dorsalis. Rating for thrips damage was more reliable and efficient than estimating thrips numbers in screening pepper accessions for resistance to thrips. Highly significant, positive correlation between ratings at the seedling stage and final rating for thrips damage indicated the feasibility of screening pepper accessions at the seedling stage. Comparing the similarities in rating among accessions resulted in 40 distinct groups. The variance-covariance matrix of the data from these 40 groups was subjected to principal component analysis. This accounted for 56 and 18 per cent of the variation across the two principal axes, respectively. Projection of chili and sweet pepper accessions along these two axes revealed three distinct clusters. About 80 per cent of chili accessions formed the first cluster, 58 per cent of the sweet pepper accessions formed the second cluster and a third cluster exhibited intermediate ratings for thrips damage. The significance of these findings in relation to geographical divergence and resistance to thrips among pepper accessions is discussed.     

辣椒子叶离体培养再生植株

随着收集到的８个商品辣椒品种的子叶外植体在ＰＤ培养基上形成芽丛，转移到ＰＥ培养基上伸长为具２－３个节的茎芽，茎芽在ＰＲ培养基上生根，得到了再生植株。芽分化率达１００％，移栽成活率１００％。多植体切除芽后回到ＰＤ培养基上的反复操作可重复诱导芽的分化，提高繁殖系数。     

钙盐诱导下土壤锰和铁的释放及其对胡椒的生物有效性

Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO₃)₂ decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P< 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil > albic soil > yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone.     

Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of bell pepper grown in SLAB fertigated with different nitrogen rates

Abstract

Adequate plant nutrition is important to reduce costs and increase the crop yield. This study tried to verify the influence of Nitrogen (N) on plant biomass production and the yield of bell pepper grown in SLAB; quantify the N use efficiency (NUE), and to quantify the residual N concentration in the substrate after the end of the crop cycle. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment. Pepper seedlings were transplanted to SLAB bags containing 40?dm³ of substrate. The treatments consisted of six N rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5?g plant^?1) split into 10 fortnightly applications, in a randomized block design with four replications. The fruit yield was evaluated throughout the experiment and after the final harvest, the dry mass of leaves, stem, and root of the plant, the N content and accumulated, the residual nitrate and ammonium in the substrate, and the NUE were evaluated. The rate of 5.51?g plant^?1 of N, corresponding to 355.5?kg ha^?1, provided the maximum yield of commercial fruits of 1.57?kg plant^?1 or 101.2 t ha^?1. With increasing N rate, the residual nitrate concentration in the substrate increased and the NUE decreased.