鸡各种综合症的防治

近年来鸡的各种综合症发病率明显升高，严重危害养鸡业的发展。这些综合症必须要引起我们的重视，认真分析原因，采取有力的防治措施，控制病害的进一步发展和流行。     

以大蜡螟与人工培养基连续传代的两种斯氏线虫生物学特性比较

本文比较了 Steinernema carpocaprae 和 Steinernema anomali 两个种(品系)的斯氏昆虫病原线虫,分别在大蜡螟和鸡什海绵人工培养基下连续传代培养的两个种群的形态、带菌率、发育、繁殖、毒力和寻找寄主能力的差异。试验表明:同一种(品系)长期在蜡螟传代的线虫种群比人工培养基传代的种群的线虫体较大,在寄主昆虫内发育怏、繁殖量大。但细菌保留率、感染率、感染指数、在沙里寻找寄主并使其致死的能力稍低。上述的差异在 S.anomali 这个种尤为明显,S.car pocapsae 则差异不大。     

Dynamics of Protein 27 of Avian Leukosis Virus and Transforming Growth Factor β2 in Lymphoid Leukosis Susceptible and Resistant Broiler Chicken Breeding Stock

The dynamics of the serum concentration of protein 27 (P27) of avian leukosis virus and transforming growth factor ₂ (TGF-₂) were compared during the period between 29 and 59 weeks of age in two flocks of broiler chicken breeding stock undergoing outbreaks of severe lymphoid leukosis (LL) associated with persistent high mortality (susceptible) and in another two flocks of breeding stock with the presence of avian leukosis virus in association with low mortality due to LL (resistant). The average mean concentration of serum P27 in the LL-susceptible flocks was significantly higher (<0.05) than that in the LL-resistant flocks in six out of seven samplings performed at 5-week intervals, between 29 and 59 weeks of age. The peak in the average rise of serum P27 in the LL-resistant flocks (309 pg/ml) was associated with the highest level of TGF-₂ (1282 pg/ml) among all flocks and at all sampling times. The significance of TGF-₂ in inhibition of lymphoid tumour development is discussed.     

Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Sweet Potato Meal (Ipomoea batatas L.) Diets

Day-old Lohman broiler chicks (n = 120) were fed on five starting diets for 4 weeks in groups of 24 birds. The starting diets contained 0%, 9%, 18%, 27% and 36% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. From the fifth week, the 120 birds were tested in groups of 30 on four finishing diets containing 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. The carcass quality was significantly (p>0.05) improved due to a significant (p>0.05) reduction of abdominal fat in the birds fed on the 45% sweet potato finisher diets. However, the birds on the sweet potato diet continually passed wet dropppings, resulting in a significant (p>0.05) reduction in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. The optimum levels of inclusion of sweet potato in the diets were considered to be 27% and 30% for starting and finishing broiler chickens, respectively. Sweet potato diets may be a remedy for fatty broilers.     

雉鸡与星布罗肉鸡肌肉营养成分和组织学比较研究

雉鸡胸肌、腿肌中蛋白质含量高于星布罗肉鸡,而脂肪含量则低于星布罗肉鸡.雉鸡总氨基酸、必需脂肪酸、必需氨基酸及不饱和脂肪酸含量,以及Ca、P、Mg、Fe、Cu、Se含量均较星布罗肉鸡高.光镜下观察,雉鸡胸肌、腿肌的肌纤维排列紧密,而星布罗肉鸡的肌纤维间距较大.电镜下观察,雉鸡胸肌、腿肌的肌纤维间有大量脂肪组织和少量结缔组织,胸肌内线粒体数量大于腿肌;星布罗肉鸡胸肌、腿肌的肌纤维间含大量结缔组织和少量脂肪组织,腿肌内线粒体数量大于胸肌.     

烘干鸡粪作为蛋白质饲料的应用研究

把采集的新鲜鸡粪运用先进合理的加工工艺烘干后，作为一种蛋白质饲料加入畜禽的日粮中，具有无毒、适口性好、转化率高、价格低廉等优点，通过试验表明可部分取代植物性蛋白质饲料，从而降低养殖成本。鸡粪作为一种环境污染源，在环境保护呼声越来越高的今天，鸡粪通过先进合理的加工处理可制成优质饲料，又可加快社会环境的综合治理步伐，具有巨大的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益。     

蛋用型鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度,肥度,生产性能之间的相关研究

以褐壳蛋鸡祖代母本种鸡为研究材料，用比浊法测定血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度。试验结果表明，母鸡８１周龄腹脂重，腹脂率，鲜肝脂肪含量的变异系数分别高达４７％，３９％，４７％。表明这些性状在鸡群中未做过选择。血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度与腹脂重，腹脂度，肝重，肝脂含量均呈正表型相关趋势。     

滨白鸡纯系及杂交组合的种群关系分析

本文采用中国科学院遗传研究所研制的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三个系统１２个血型因子，分析滨白鸡七个纯系和五个杂交组合的种群关系。结果表明，１２个群体可分为五个类。第一类包括５个纯系（ＮＯ２、ＮＯ７、ＮＯ６、ＮＯ３、ＮＯ８）和２个杂交组合（５×２、７×８）．第二类包括５×６组合和ＮＯ５系。第三类是４×２组合。第四类是５×４组合。第五类是ＮＯ４系。不同类品系间遗传差异大，同一类品系间则小。实际配合力测定得到的４×２、５×４２、６×４２优秀杂交组合均有一定的理论基础。     

部分地方鸡种种群遗传特征的分析

运用微卫星技术检测10个地方鸡种的杂合度、多态信息含量和遗传距离,探讨种群间的亲缘关系和遗传特征。结果表明：各位点的杂合度为0．2675-0．8316、多态信息含量为0．2478—0．8082;各种群的平均杂合度为0．5564-0．7134、平均多态信息含量为0．4999～0．6808。矮小型黄鸡与其它地方鸡种间的亲缘关系较远,仙居鸡、白耳鸡、泰和鸡、北京油鸡、大骨鸡、萧山鸡距离较近;茶花鸡与固始鸡存在一定的关系;尤溪麻鸡与其它鸡种的距离相对较远。     

鸡骨型白血病免疫琼扩与放射摄片诊断的比较

为了探索特异性免疫学诊断方法对鸡骨型白血病(OP)的检测效果。用双盲法分批采样同时进行羽髓琼脂扩散试验和胫骨X线摄片检查对比,共检834只鸡(433羽属天然自发OP鸡群,401羽属人工诱发实验鸡群)。结果羽髓琼扩试验的OP阳性检出率为3．48％(29／834：)。阳性病理符合率为75．86％(22／29)。阳性误诊(假阳性)率24．13％(7／29),阴性误诊(假阴性)率36．15％(291／805)。而X线摄片检查的OP阳性检出率为38．37％(320／834)。X线阳性完全可获病理组织学证实,不存在假阳性或假阴性。把禽白血病羽髓琼扩试验试用于检测鸡骨型白血病尚属初次报道,其阳性检出率低而误诊率高,尚不宜作OP检测手段。放射摄片诊断的阳性检出率高而误诊率低,可快速诊断,故适用于OP检疫。