加套纸袋对香蕉品质影响的研究

香蕉套袋护果技术已经非常普及，生产中多用定型袋外套蓝色塑料袋的方法护果。截至目前，广西香蕉种植户普遍采用蓝色塑料袋中加套纸袋的护果方法，但未见加套纸袋对香蕉品质影响的研究报道。本研究探讨了加套纸袋对香蕉表观性状及内在生理生化指标的影响，为综合评价加套纸袋对香蕉品质影响提供理论依据。研究表明，加套纸袋可以显著提高果皮亮度，但降低果皮黄色饱和度；一定程度提高蕉果果肉钾含量，却显著降低了果皮中钙含量；加套纸袋能够显著提高瓤皮比，但果皮质地细嫩，易刮伤；加套纸袋可以显著提高蕉果果肉维生素C含量，降低了蕉果果肉中淀粉累积量；此外，加套纸袋后，蕉果的转色时间和货架期短于常规。综上，提出调整套纸袋时间、套袋方法等改进措施。     

4种豆科牧草种子对绵羊消化道作用的反应

以4种野生豆科牧草苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroide)、线叶野豌豆(Vicia tenuifolia)、光果甘草(Glycyrrhizae glabrae)、罗马苜蓿(Medicago romanica)种子为研究对象,测定各种子在绵羊消化道作用前后的形态、生物学特性变化以及在绵羊消化道内的运移和排放规律。结果表明,4种种子排放过程均符合高斯模型,且苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草排放峰值均出现在饲喂后24~36h,罗马苜蓿种子排放峰值则出现在18~30h。苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草和罗马苜蓿种子总回收率分别为14.513%、4.463%、10.811%、4.608%,在绵羊消化道内的平均滞留时间分别为36.3、29.6、31.2和31.9h。除苦豆子外,其它3种植物种子在经过消化道后单粒重显著降低(P0.05),4种种子消化后的形状指数较经过消化道前显著减小。经过绵羊消化道后种皮颜色加深,纹理模糊,出现褶皱及明显侵蚀斑。与经过消化道前比较,4种植物种子经过消化道后的发芽率均有显著提高,其中发芽率提高效果最明显的时间段在消化24~48h后。消化道作用可有效打破苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草、罗马苜蓿种子的硬实,4种植物种子均可通过绵羊消化道传播。     

Morphological variability of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta in different river environments

Abstract – The morphologies of sympatric juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr and brown trout Salmo trutta parr were compared between Irish rivers with contrasting hydraulic environments – a high‐gradient and a low‐gradient tributary from the River Barrow catchment, south‐east Ireland and a high‐gradient river from the Burrishoole catchment, west of Ireland. The two catchments differ markedly in mean annual precipitation (849.0 mm year^?1 and 1370.3 mm year^?1 for the Barrow and Burrishoole catchments, respectively). Parr of both species demonstrated morphological variation between and within catchments. Changes in metrics such as pectoral fin length, body depth and body length between and within catchments suggest that hydraulic forces were a major determinant of morphological variation. Both species from the Burrishoole catchment had relatively larger pectoral fins, longer heads, larger eyes and shallower bodies than conspecifics from the Barrow catchment. In rivers subject to frequent rainfall‐driven high discharges, such as those in the Burrishoole catchment, a more fusiform body and head shape coupled with larger pectoral fins may reduce the energetic cost of maintaining position in the water column, as well as increase stability and manoeuvrability. The larger eyes in both parr species in the Burrishoole catchment could further be a response to the lower visibility of the more turbid and peat‐stained waters or to the reduced prey availability. The results of this study demonstrate that local adaptation to flow conditions can yield morphologically distinct populations and that multiple species can exhibit parallel phenotypic responses to changing environmental conditions.     

短学期制下植物学实验课程开设探索

介绍了短学期制下植物学实验课程概况,指出了课程开设面临的问题,提出了相应的解决对策与建议。     

Comparative Biomass Production of Six Oat Varieties in a Saline Soil Ecology

Oat is widely used as a food source in human and animal diets. In China, supplementary cultivation of oat has recently been extended into marginal saline soils, due to its extensive use. The goal of the present study was to explore and compare the agronomic characteristics, biomass production, and distribution of oat in coastal saline soil. A single-factor randomized block design experiment with six naked and husked oat varieties [Bayou-1 (BU-1), Baiyan-2 (BY-2), Baiyan-7 (BY-7), Huawan-6 (HW-6), Huazao-2 (HZ-2), and Pin-16 (P-16)] as treatments was conducted in the Hebei Province of China. The growth period (77 to 88 days) of the six oat varieties were shorter in saline soil than their original breeding region. Moreover, the plant was shorter, with a lower grain number per plant and seed setting. Grain weight increased and no change was observed in the floret number in coastal saline soil relative to the original habitats. The BY-7 variety produced the highest biomass value of 7.0 t ha^?1 compared to the other five varieties. Compared with two active growth points, most varieties in the present study showed just one growth activity point between elongation and heading. Two fast growth periods for the six oat varieties were due to the high total leaf biomass growth rate (BGR) from elongation to heading and panicle BGR from heading to maturity. The biomass growth ratio (BGO) during elongation to heading was the largest among the four growth stages of the oat varieties. The number of kernels per spike decreased at the research site, but grain weight increased. Substantial differences were observed for growth periods, biomass, BGR, BGO, and other agronomic characters in the coastal saline soil of North China, but the BY-7 variety was the most suitable variety for the study site.     

Morphological Basis of Resistance in Cotton to the WhiteflyBemisia Tabaci

The morphological basis of resistance to the whiteflyBemisia tabaci Genn. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) was studied. The plant characters examined were leaf area, thickness of leaf lamina, hair density, hair length, angle of insertion of leaf hair, and density of gossypol glands. Hair density and leaf thickness were positively correlated with the population ofB. tabaci, and a positive correlation was obtained between the adult whitefly population and gossypol glands on stem internodes. Cotton genotype USA-22 (sparsely hairy) was found to be more tolerant toB. tabaci than was genotype USA-13 (velvety hairy). The use of thinner and glabrous leaved cotton varieties is suggested to minimize the whitefly menace in cotton.     

超级稻病虫发生特点及其药剂防治技术

超级稻从孕穗末至齐穗期如遇上连续阴雨天,稻曲病大发生,纹枯病发生较普遍;二化螟、稻飞虱发生量大,危害较重。在超级稻大田生长期,抓住施药适期,选用高效、内吸、广谱、环保型农药,进行3～4次防治,可有效防控病虫危害,达到节本增效、减少农药污染的目的。     

微胶囊剂农药发展概述

本文综合叙述了微胶囊农药的发展状况、制备方法及微胶囊农药的特点，并讨论了影响农药释放速率的因素。     

蘑菇褐腐病菌生物学特性和防治

蘑菇褐腐病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度为24～25℃,低至10℃,高达35℃,孢子停止萌发,在35℃和40℃恒温中,分别经5天和1天,菌丝均失去生活力;高湿有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,100％相对湿度下分生孢子萌发率最高;菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值分别为6和6.4,幼嫩蘑菇煮出液最能刺激孢子萌发,该病菌在菇床初侵染源是覆盖了带有病菌的覆盖土,在夏季对覆盖土壤进行日光曝晒4～5天,覆土前7天,用36％～38％化学纯甲醛3.5kg,兑水20～30kg,喷洒于种植111m~2蘑菇的覆盖土中熏蒸48h以上,防病效果均理想;发病后及时挖除病菇,能防止病菌再侵染,减轻褐腐病的为害。     

麦茎谷蛾生物学特性及防治

麦茎谷蛾在山西南部麦区普遍发生，丘陵旱塬地区为害较重。大发生时，孕穗～灌浆期小麦被害穗率达３０％以上。药剂防治试验表明，３月上旬卵态幼虫孵化时用４０％甲基异柳磷、２０％菊马乳油等进行一次性防治，均有较好的效果。