Leaf chlorophyll content as a possible diagnostic mean for the evaluation of plant nitrogen uptake from the soil

The influence of temperature, irradiance, and soil humidity on the nitrogen (N) concentration in some organs, chlorophyll in the leaves, N uptake and accumulation of dry matter in plants of winter wheat was investigated. In the plants grown under equal initial N supplement but in contrasting conditions of the evironment, the correlation between concentration of total N and chlorophyll in the leaves was absent. No interrelationship was found between concentration of total N in the leaves and accumulation of N and dry matter in the whole plants. There is a close correlation between chlorophyll in the leaves, accumulation of total N, and dry matter of the whole plant. It was concluded that chlorophyll is a more stable informative parameter for the estimation of the N uptake from the soil under different growth conditions than leaf N concentration.     

黑色/长梨形樱桃番茄种质的研究利用

以樱桃番茄黑褐色圆形自交系Z1、红黑色长梨形自交系Z2、红色圆形、浅粉红色扁圆形、
橙黄色长椭圆形和黄色圆形等自交系为试材，进行不完全双列杂交配制组合。通过对杂交组合后代的农艺
性状、品质特性和抗病性等的调查研究，探究黑色樱桃番茄种质品质改良和长梨形果形的利用，为今后特
殊果形果色番茄种质的创新利用提供参考。结果表明：樱桃番茄果色黑色性状为隐性性状；亲本为圆形果
或扁圆形果×长梨形果、长椭圆形果×长梨形果时，F₁ 果形分别是椭圆形与长指形。     

黑龙江龙口自然保护区黑熊春季生境选择

分别于2008年4～5月和2009年4～5月,在龙口自然保护区对黑熊春季生境选择进行了研究,野外工作共设置87个10 m×10 m样方,并调查12个生态因子,其中利用样方41个,对照样方46个。通过Vanderploeg ＆Scavia选择指数得到,黑熊喜爱选择处于高海拔（〉450 m）、上坡位有石砬子且草本盖度适中（10%～40%）的生境,倾向选择乔木密度高（〉10株/100 m2）、郁闭度大（〉40%）、灌木密度较低（〈10%）、隐蔽级低（〈30%）、倒木密度大（〉1根/100 m2）、陡坡（〉30°）且向阳的针阔混交林。主成分分析与资源选择函数分析共同得到海拔、坡度、坡位、植被类型对黑熊生境选择影响较大,坡向和倒木密度影响较小的结果。综合分析,将Vanderploeg ＆ Scavia选择指数、主成分分析与资源选择函数相结合可以更好地反映黑熊生境选择情况。     

Determining soil organic carbon for agricultural soils: a comparison between the Walkley & Black and the dry combustion methods (north Belgium)

Mapping soil organic carbon (SOC) and establishing any change over time are important because of CO₂ fluxes between soil and atmosphere and cropland decreases in SOC. The latter is one of the main causes of soil fertility decline and increased erodibility. As most analytical methods underestimate total SOC content, correction factors are needed to avoid methodological bias when comparing SOC data from sampling campaigns using different analytical procedures. The traditional method for SOC analysis used to be, and in most cases still is wet oxidation in potassium dichromate, better known as the Walkley & Black method. In this study, we aim to estimate correction factors for the classic and modified version of the Walkley & Black method for different land use and soil type combinations for agricultural soils in north Belgium. General correction factors of 1.47 for the classic Walkley & Black method and 1.20 for the modified Walkley & Black method are proposed. The results show that sandy grassland soils are characterised by lower recoveries than silt loam grassland soils. Furthermore, the correction factor appears to increase with soil wetness.     

The use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of stored-grain insects

The present contribution discusses the recent advances in the biological control of stored-grain insects with entomopathogenic fungi (EF). Thus, the effect of formulated vs. unformulated strains of EF and the effect of combinations of EF with other components, i.e. diatomaceous earths (DEs), chemical insecticides, natural products and natural enemies against stored-product insects are reviewed. Very few formulations of EF strains have been developed and used, of which invert emulsion formulation (water-in-oil type) is considered the most important. A synergistic effect of EF is produced by combining them with DEs, chemical insecticides and natural products but not with natural enemies belonging to arthropods. Moreover, since the action of EF against insect pests in general, and stored-grain insects in particular, is compatible with the food safety and environmental regulations, a good perspective for these biocontrol agents is expected as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The potential areas of future research on the effective use of EF as biocontrol agents of stored-grain insects and the constraints that are associated with the registration and commercialization of EF as biopesticides under storage conditions are also discussed. Suggestions for the possible ways for implementation of this technology in storage systems are also provided in the present study.     

关于季节性冻土对兴隆林区的危害及防治措施

本文论述了在严寒地区预防和减轻基础冻害的方法及措施,并在实践中得到证实。     

Effects of feeding different levels of concentrate on growth and carcass characteristics in younger Japanese Black cattle

The effects of a higher concentrate feed during the raising period on the growth and carcass of Japanese Black cattle being fattened at a younger age were investigated using three pairs of artificially bred identical twins and three pairs of full‐sibs. The animals were fed the concentrate at 2.4%/day (2.4% group) and 1.2%/day (1.2% group) comparative bodyweight (BW) during the raising period. The BW and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured every month using ultrasonic equipment. The animals were slaughtered at the age of 24 months. The BW of the 2.4% group from the age of 6–10 months appeared to be higher than that of the 1.2% group (P < 0.1). The subcutaneous fat of the 2.4% group from the age of 7–11 months was thicker than that of the 1.2% group (P < 0.1). After those ages, the BW and subcutaneous fat of the two groups did not differ and there was no difference in the carcass characteristics between the two groups. Using a higher concentrate feed during the raising period for younger fattening of Japanese Black cattle influenced growth from the late half of the raising period to the early part of the fattening period.     

Allele frequencies of the extension locus encoding the melanocortin-1 receptor in Japanese and Korean cattle

In order to estimate the influence of the Extension (E) locus in cattle coat color, the melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) gene in Japanese Black, Japanese Brown and Korean (Hanwoo) cattle were sequenced. The sequences of the coding region revealed three alleles (E^D, E⁺ and e), which were previously reported. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to investigate the gene frequencies of the three breeds. Japanese Black was almost composed of E^D and E⁺ individuals, E^D = 0.481 and E⁺ = 0.514, and no homozygous e/e, therefore that is consistent with the hypothesis that E^D and E⁺ induce black pigment synthesis. Allele frequencies between Japanese Brown and Hanwoo were obviously different; however, recessive red e allele frequency was 0.038 for Japanese Brown and 0.948 for Hanwoo, even though both breeds have quite similar coat colors (ranging from yellowish brown to dark brown including a red coat color). This result suggested that other genes are also associated with a coat color of red and brown in cattle.     

黑河(额济纳河)下游绿洲生态系统受损与生态保育对策的思考

额济纳绿洲是我国西北干旱区中心的一道生态防线。 2 0世纪后半世纪绿洲生态系统严重受损 ,景观结构急剧恶化 ,黑河的供水量逐年趋于下降 ,由 50年代的 1 2 .2 5亿 M3 下降到 90年代的 7.2 4亿 M3。地下水位也相应地降低 ,土地盐化也在加剧。胡扬与沙枣林面积由3 .45万公顷减少到 2 .2 0万公顷 ,并以老龄林为主。红柳灌丛也减少了 50 % ,并且多已成为稀疏矮化的群落。各种禾草草甸严重退化 ,多已演替成为苦豆子群落。为了维护我国西北的这一生态屏障 ,必须坚持以恢复与保护自然绿洲为主 ,恢复胡杨林、沙枣林及红柳灌丛的覆盖率 ;建立人工草地 ,改善土地覆盖 ,建设自然一人工复合绿洲。在绿洲建设与保育工程中必须保证充分供水 ,调控水盐动态 ,发挥生物一景观多样性的系统耦合效应 ,实现绿洲生态系统健康     

黑杨派新无性系造林试验

用9个黑杨派新无性系在泰安市进行造林试验,其中I107,中林46,W1－13,I108等4个无性系的生长量较大,造林成活率较高。