自动气象站的运行现状分析及改进建议

利用2003～2010年秦皇岛自动站与人工观测资料,从仪器的原理、观测时间和安置环境的差异,分析了自动仪器和人工仪器的对比观测数据的误差成因,结合实际工作中遇到的自动站故障,总结了自动站容易出现故障的环节和修复的实例,并从实际工作角度对自动站的安装维护及测报软件提出了实用性的工作建议。     

灌溉农田土壤湿度的时空变化特征

为了探讨现代土壤墒情监测手段在业务监测实践中的应用方法,利用中国气象科学研究院固城生态与农业气象试验基地的业务和试验资料,对灌溉农田土壤湿度的时间变化特征和空间关系进行了分析。结果表明,灌溉农田的土壤湿度呈一年的周期性变化;浅层(0-50cm)土壤湿度时空波动显著,且各层的变化存在不一致性,60cm以下土层湿度时空变化很小,0-50cm土层的平均土壤湿度能较好地反映0-200cm土层的土壤水分状况,对土壤湿度的监测应集中在浅层50cm内,并需要逐层测量;浅层土壤湿度变异明显,大田中两点各层土壤湿度的相关性一般随两点距离增加而减小,单个测点的土壤湿度测值的代表性差,因此在自动土壤水分仪器布点时,要获得地段的平均土壤湿度信息,必须设置多个观测重复;表层5cm的土壤湿度变化剧烈而迅速,不能正确反映作物根系主要分布层的土壤水分状况,而表层10cm的土壤湿度与作物根系主要分布层的土壤湿度具有很好的联动性,可以较好地反映作物生长的环境土壤水分状况,因此,在应用微波遥感监测土壤墒情时,其对地表的探测深度需要达到10cm以上才能获得关于作物根系主要分布层的土壤水分状况信息,相应地,在土壤墒情微波遥感监测中,需要采用5GHz以下的频率。     

The effects of feeding frequency on waiting time,milking frequency,cubicle and feeding fence utilization for cows in an automatic milking system

Abstract

In this trial, the effects of the forage feeding frequency on the waiting time prior to milking and the cowshed facility utilization by cows milked in an automatic milking unit (AMU) were studied. The feeding frequency was increased from two times per day to six times per day. It was found that the average waiting time per visit for cows using the AMU was reduced from 755 s to 351 s when the feeding frequency was increased. The daily number of visits (milking visit, failed milking visit and not qualified visit) to the AMU was not affected by the change in feeding frequency. It was also found that increasing the feeding frequency had a positive effect on utilization of the cowshed facilities, such as the occupation of the feeding fence, and on the cowshed facilities in the waiting area (cubicles) of the AMU.     

自动电位滴定法测定奶酪中食盐的含量

[目的]测定奶酪中食盐的含量。[方法]采用自动电位滴定法,通过试验优化仪器和滴定反应的条件来测定奶酪中食盐的含量。[结果]试验得出,自动电位滴定法的回收率在99．0％～100．8％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．72％～1．23％。[结论]采用自动电位滴定法测定奶酪中食盐的含量,操作简便,结果准确可靠。     

棉种加工成套设备的计算机控制技术研究

文章介绍了棉种加工成套设备的计算机控制系统关键技术。系统实现了包括电机转速、加工温度、液位等参量的实时检测及控制,实现了成套设备的自动控制功能。软件设计了人机交互界面。应用表明,系统实时性强、可靠性高,提高了棉种加工质量。     

An acoustic based approach to evaluate the effect of different diet lengths on feeding behavior of Litopenaeus vannamei

Studying shrimp feeding behavior is challenging and, traditionally, studies have been using direct visual observation or video recordings with image analysis under laboratory conditions. Passive acoustics monitoring (PAM) is a non-invasive approach to study feeding behavior of penaeids, as their mandibles emit clicking sounds during feed ingestion. Considering the wide variation available in shrimp diet lengths, our knowledge is still limited about their effects on feeding behavior. The present study was designed to use acoustics to evaluate the feeding behavior of Litopenaeus vannamei fed different diet lengths. A commercial pelleted diet with similar diameter (2.4 mm) and three different lengths was used as treatments “small” (2.35 mm), “medium” (4.26 mm) and “large” (8.42 mm). Three separate trials were performed with fastened shrimp (20 g), using omnidirectional hydrophones and external audio recorders. Our approach started with the characterization of the click acoustic parameters produced by three shrimps when fed the different diet lengths in anechoic chambers (15 L). We then analyze the number of clicks produced per pellet and duration of the clicking activity when shrimp fed a single pellet in individual tanks (1 L). Finally, the acoustic energy of feeding activity and feed consumption, as well as theirs relationship to predict feed intake was evaluated in aquaria (70 L) with five shrimps. The acoustic parameters of isolated clicks were not affected by the different diet lengths, however, doubling the length of the pellet resulted in doubling the number of clicks emitted during feeding activity. The duration of clicking activity per pellet indicated that small pellets are consumed 2.9 and 4.7 times faster than medium and large pellets, respectively. Furthermore, feeding acoustic energy of small pellets decreased rapidly after feed offer, as their faster consumption probably contributed to shrimps achieved satiety earlier than larger diets. Feed consumption was similar among diets length, but significantly correlated with the feeding acoustic energy emitted by L. vannamei, which is a breakthrough in feeding behavioral research. The results highlight the potential and possibilities of an acoustic approach to estimate feed consumption, as well as an alternative to traditional methods in feeding behavioral studies to improve efficiency of feed management.     

纳米磁珠联合PCR检测甘蔗杆状病毒方法的建立和初步应用

本研究通过对DNA提取裂解液的成分和用量以及裂解时间等因素进行系统优化,建立了一种高通量的磁珠法提取甘蔗总DNA,再进行PCR检测甘蔗杆状病毒(SCBV)的方法。采用核酸自动提取仪,应用纳米磁珠提取甘蔗总DNA,经PCR检测甘蔗杆状病毒,并与以试剂盒提取DNA为模板的PCR检测结果进行比较。结果显示,经优化的裂解液成分为EDTA·Na20.08 mol/L、NaCl 0.8 mol/L、SDS 2%和Tris-HCl0.10 mol/L,裂解时间为20 min,可用于纳米磁珠提取甘蔗总DNA进行SCBV检测。所建立的方法通量高、成本低、耗时短,可用于SCBV的批量检测。     

针叶树种计算机视觉苗木自动分级系统的研究

针对苗木分级领域的实际需要及国际苗木分级技术发展状况,研究,设计了针叶树种计算机视突苗木自动分级系统。该系统应用计算机视觉技术和神经网络技术。通过对苗木图像的处理。在实验室中实现对苗木的自动分级,实验研究表明,计算机视觉自动分级系统在苗木分级领域中具有良好的应用前景。     

PS1016单片机在日光温室综合生态环境自动化调控中的应用研究

以PS1 0 1 6为主控芯片的日光温室综合生态环境自动化调控系统 ,运用了新颖的动态控制原理 ,简化了电路的结构 ,降低了温室内生态环境管理技术的难度 ,优化了投入与产出比     

基于经济组网方式的灌溉远程自动控制系统

灌溉远程自动控制系统数据通讯部分的工程投入,一般占工程总投入的50%以上。根据工程实践,从数据传输部分入手,将经济组网方式、无线半双工窄带高速数据通讯技术、先进的数据库访问连接技术以及错开水泵开关与数据采样、传输时间等抗干扰技术措施,应用于灌溉远程自动控制系统,使该系统的整体技术经济性能得到显著提高,并有效降低了工程造价。