灌溉农田土壤湿度的时空变化特征

为了探讨现代土壤墒情监测手段在业务监测实践中的应用方法,利用中国气象科学研究院固城生态与农业气象试验基地的业务和试验资料,对灌溉农田土壤湿度的时间变化特征和空间关系进行了分析。结果表明,灌溉农田的土壤湿度呈一年的周期性变化;浅层(0-50cm)土壤湿度时空波动显著,且各层的变化存在不一致性,60cm以下土层湿度时空变化很小,0-50cm土层的平均土壤湿度能较好地反映0-200cm土层的土壤水分状况,对土壤湿度的监测应集中在浅层50cm内,并需要逐层测量;浅层土壤湿度变异明显,大田中两点各层土壤湿度的相关性一般随两点距离增加而减小,单个测点的土壤湿度测值的代表性差,因此在自动土壤水分仪器布点时,要获得地段的平均土壤湿度信息,必须设置多个观测重复;表层5cm的土壤湿度变化剧烈而迅速,不能正确反映作物根系主要分布层的土壤水分状况,而表层10cm的土壤湿度与作物根系主要分布层的土壤湿度具有很好的联动性,可以较好地反映作物生长的环境土壤水分状况,因此,在应用微波遥感监测土壤墒情时,其对地表的探测深度需要达到10cm以上才能获得关于作物根系主要分布层的土壤水分状况信息,相应地,在土壤墒情微波遥感监测中,需要采用5GHz以下的频率。

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Moisture in Irrigated Farmland

Based on the daily observation data and experiment data in Gucheng experimental station of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture in irrigated farmland was analyzed.The results showed that soil moisture changed as one year cycle.Soil moisture in the depth 0-50cm fluctuated significantly,which could reflect soil moisture condition in 0-200cm soil layer,as soil moisture below 60cm changed little.So soil moisture monitoring should concentrate to the depth 0-50cm.Multi-point repeat measurements were needed because the relevance of soil moisture became less with the distance of two sample points extending.Soil moisture in 0-10cm surface layer could reflect accurately soil moisture condition to some extent,so it was suitable to use microwave remote sensing below 5 GHz frequency.