不同光质对黄芪生长及药用成分积累的影响

为探讨适合黄芪(Astragalus membranaeus(Fisch.)Bge)生长及药用成分合成积累的光照条件,提高黄芪药材的产量与质量,运用植物逆境生理和次生代谢研究理论,研究了蓝光、黄光、红光、白光和自然光(对照)条件下,黄芪3种主要药用成分含量的动态变化。结果表明,蓝光和黄光可以促进黄芪根部干物质的积累,并可以有效提高药用成分含量,而红光则不利于黄芪干物质的积累;蓝光下黄芪黄酮的含量最高,比自然光下提高了51%,经济产量提高了56%;黄芪多糖和皂甙无论是含量还是经济产量都是在蓝光下最为理想,其中,黄芪多糖的含量比自然光提高了23.9%,经济产量提高了19.3%,黄芪皂甙的含量比自然光提高了106%,经济产量提高了105%。     

黄芪对鲤头肾中巨噬细胞的增殖和一氧化氮产量的影响：离体研究

用密度梯度离心分离鲤头肾中的巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞。用RPMI细胞培养液对分离的细胞进行原代培养,在细胞培养液中加入不同浓度的黄芪水提取液来研究黄芪对鲤头肾中免疫细胞非特异性免疫应答的影响。黄芪水提取液单独使用时能刺激鲤头肾中巨噬细胞的增殖,但不能刺激巨噬细胞的氮暴发活性。用黄芪和脂多糖(LPS)混合刺激巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞时,黄芪水提取液能显著提高脂多糖刺激所产生的一氧化氮的产量。研究结果表明,黄芪不仅能刺激巨噬细胞数量的增加,而且能协同脂多糖增强头肾中免疫细胞的功能,从而对机体的非特异性免疫起调节作用。     

温室条件下巨龙竹和马来甜龙竹的早期生长表现

于温室内移植巨龙竹和马来甜龙竹实生苗进行培育,调查实生苗的保存率和发笋率,以及实生苗和新笋的高度、叶片数、健康状况和枝条的生长表现。结果表明,巨龙竹和马来甜龙竹的保存率分别为7.3%和38.5%,差异极显著;发笋率分别为66.7%和8.1%,差异也达显著水平。实生苗的高度、叶片数分别为11.3cm、3.1片和11.6cm、3.4片,差异不显著,但2竹种的健康状况之间(2.9级和4.7级)差异显著。新笋的高度、叶片数和健康状况分别为10.1~16.1cm、3.9~4.4片和4.8级,枝条的长度、叶片数和健康状况分别7.3~8.8cm、2.6~2.7片和4.7~4.8级,所有调查指标2竹种间均不存在显著差异。     

两种膜荚黄芪DNA提取方法的优化与比较

以膜荚黄芪的嫩叶片为材料,对CTAB法和高盐低pH法进行了改良,并用此改良法提取总DNA,用紫外分光光度法和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA质量。结果表明,无论从提取率还是纯度上,优化的高盐低pH法都优于CTAB法,但高盐低pH法提取的DNA不适合长期保存。     

施硒对黄芪生长、硒含量及转运的影响

为了解黄芪对硒的吸收转运能力,以黄芪为试材,采用根施和叶面喷施硒2种方式,探索施用不同浓度(0、5、10、50、100μmol/L)的硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠,对黄芪生物量、硒含量以及硒在植物体内的转运能力进行研究。结果表明,无论是以硒酸钠还是亚硒酸钠作为硒源均有利于黄芪地上部和根部干物重、硒含量的增加,随着硒浓度的增加干物重呈先升高后下降的趋势,黄芪地上部硒含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,根部硒含量与之相反。添加硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠处理时,在10μmol/L浓度处理时黄芪地上部和根部干物重最大,分别比CK增加了49.89%、60.87%和23.36%、60.00%。添加相同浓度的硒酸钠处理时,黄芪地上部和根部中硒含量高于施亚硒酸钠处理,在100μmol/L浓度处理下黄芪地上部硒含量最大为119.13μg/g,在5μmol/L浓度处理下黄芪根部硒含量最大为52.25μg/g。2种施硒方式下,根部施硒酸钠更有利于黄芪对硒的富集,且黄芪根部向地上部转运硒的能力随施硒浓度的升高逐渐增大。     

条带式改良陡坡草地生产性能的研究

本试验对条带式补播改良陡坡草地的生产性能进行了研究。试验根据坡度分为小于25°、25～35°和大于35°的坡地三个处理组。其结果表明,条带式改良草地可以提高产草量,较天然草地三个坡度级分别提高200.39、253.12和203.27%(P<0.01),又可以改善草群品种,豆科牧草分别占总产草量的48.97、72.33和84.14%,且有毒有害植物明显减少。植被盖度由原来的42.5%增加到83.5%,将蒿属植物为建群种的群落变为沙打旺—野艾蒿—万年蓬组成的群落。     

Astragalus polysaccharides protects against free fatty acid-induced human vascular endothelial cell dysfunction via AMPK-eNOS pathway

AIM: To study the protective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on free fatty acid-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cultured HUVECs were divided into control group, APS group [APS (200 mg/L) treated for 24 h], free fatty acid group [free fatty acid (0.25 mmol/L) treated for 24 h], free fatty acid plus APS group [free fatty acid (0.25 mmol/L) and APS (200 mg/L) treated for 24 h], and compound C group [free fatty acid (0.25 mmol/L) and APS (200 mg/L) and AMPK inhibitor compound C (10 μmol/L) treated for 24 h]. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Nitric oxide (NO) content in the medium was determined by nitrate reductase assay. The protein levels of total adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: No significant difference of all indexes between APS group and control group was observed. The cell viability in free fatty acid group decreased significantly compared with control group. The cell viability in free fatty acid plus APS group was significantly improved as compared with free fatty acid group. The cell viability in compound C group was almost the same as that in free fatty acid group. The No content and protein levels of p-AMPK and p-eNOS in free fatty acid group decreased obviously as compared with control group, while the NO content and protein levels of p-AMPK and p-eNOS in free fatty acid plus APS group increased obviously compared with free fatty acid group. No significant difference of the p-AMPK and p-eNOS protein levels between free fatty acid plus APS group and free fatty acid group was observed. No significant difference of the AMPK and eNOS protein levels in all groups was found. CONCLUSION: APS attenuates the free fatty acid-induced injury, and its mechanism is related to the AMPK-eNOS signal pathway.     

Morphological variation in Astragalus hamosus L. and Coronilla scorpioides L. populations of Tunisia

Morphological variation between Astragalus hamosus and Coronillascorpioides populations was studied using local germoplasm collected in northern and central Tunisia. Twenty-one morphological traits were recorded and data were analysed using complementary statistical analysis. Considerable variation based on morphological and agronomical traits was found between populations and for both species. Pod and peduncle lengths as well as flowers number were the most discriminant variables between populations. Differences were also found for variables like seed number per pod, seed yield and dry matter production. Significant correlations were found between plant traits and the environmental parameters of the origin sites. This study revealed enough variation among populations to initiate a selection programme for pasture improvement in arid and semi-arid areas of Tunisia, where the two species are well adapted. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大豆基因组SSR和EST-SSR在黄芪中的通用性分析

分子标记的种间通用性可降低其开发成本,提高利用效率,促进遗传研究较薄弱物种的分子遗传学研究。为开发黄芪SSR分子标记,本研究利用大豆的66对基因组SSR(G-SSR)和43对EST-SSR引物在黄芪基因组中进行通用性分析,并选出其中条带清晰易辨的23对引物对6种不同来源的黄芪进行遗传分析。结果表明:大豆G-SSR、EST-SSR引物在黄芪中的通用性比例分别为31.82%、76.74%,多态性引物分别占18.18%、53.49%,大豆EST-SSR在黄芪的通用性高于基因组SSR,且通用的大豆SSR标记可以用于不同来源黄芪的遗传多样性分析。本研究发掘的多态性SSR引物可以有效用于黄芪的分子遗传多样性研究。     

共培养对土壤重金属污染植物修复的调控作用

A co-culture of two plant materials, Astragalus sinicus L., a leguminous plant with concomitant nodules, and Elsholtzia splendens Naki-a Cu accumulator, along with treatments of a chelating agent (EDTA), root excretions (citric acid), and a control with E. splendens only were used to compare the mobility of heavy metals in chelating agents with a co-culture and to determine the potential for co-culture phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated soils. The root uptake for Cu, Zn, and Pb in all treatments was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of the control treatment. However with translocation in the shoots, only Cu, Zn, and Pb in plants grown with the EDTA treatment and Zn in plants co-cropped with the A. sinicus treatment increased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, when a co-culture in soils with heavy and moderate contamination was compared, for roots in moderately contaminated soils only Zn concentration was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that of heavily contaminated soils, however, Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations of shoots were all significantly lower (P < 0.05). Overall, this "co-culture engineering" could be as effective as or even more effective than chelating agents, thereby preventing plant metal toxicity and metal leaching in soils as was usually observed in chelate-enhanced phytoremediation.