Effects of previous leaf injuries to spring canola on western black flea beetle (Phyllotreta pusilla) feeding

Two trials were conducted in 2002 with 14-day-old spring canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings to evaluate the effects of previous leaf injuries of different cultivars on subsequent injury by western black flea beetle (WBFB),Phyllotreta pusilla Horn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), under greenhouse conditions in Colorado (USA). Previous leaf cutting was found to have only minor effects on subsequent infestation and injury by WBFB, and such effects may be cultivar-specific. Only IMC205 showed significant differences by more than one parameter during these studies; cultivars Excel and 46A65 showed no responses in injury or infestation between previously cut and uncut plants. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 14, 2005.     

转基因植物对蜂类昆虫安全性

随着转基因植物的大规模商业化种植,其对蜂类等有益昆虫的影响成为研究转基因生物风险评估的主要内容。一方面蜜蜂等蜂类取食植物花粉,有可能直接接触到杀虫蛋白,产生毒性效应;另一方面转基因植物的性状、营养成分等可能发生变化,对蜜蜂的行为可能产生潜在影响。本文综述了目前转基因植物对蜂类昆虫安全性研究进展,并提出克服转基因植物对非靶标生物可能的负面效应的治理对策,以期对转基因植物生物安全性的研究提供科学依据。     

我国园艺作物核心种质研究进展

综述了我国园艺植物核心种质研究进展,针对目前园艺作物核心种质研究现状与问题,提出了今后园艺作物核心种质研究方向,即要加强对取样策略、分组原则等问题的研究,加速收集园艺作物种质资源的基础数据、特征数据、评价鉴定数据及分子检测数据,尽快建立一批我国原产的、重要的园艺作物的核心种质,以提高园艺作物种质资源利用效率,提升种质创新能力,从而推动我国园艺产业快速发展。     

北方紫竹盆景制作技术

综述了紫竹的地域分布、生态习性、现赏价值,重点从母竹的选择和挖掘方法、上盆技术、盆景的养护管理措施等3个方面研究总结了紫竹盆景制作的关键技术,比较分析了紫竹盆景最适宜的租摆场所和所表达的意境.     

哀牢山壳斗科三种蜜源植物资源的初步研究

壳斗科植物具有丰富花蜜和花粉.2007年4～7月,对云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林壳斗科蜜源植物开发利用的潜力进行了初步研究.在该季节,中华蜜蜂可利用的壳斗科植物主要有木果石栎、景东石栎和腾冲栲.3种植物的花期均为50天左右.放置在原始森林林缘蜂群的取蜜量明显高于放置在原始森林内和附近次生林的蜂群.一群放置在林缘、群势为5标准框的中华蜜蜂蜂群,一个花期可以取蜂蜜约5 kg.     

Analysis and modeling of gas exchange processes in Scaevola aemula

Scaevola aemula is a popular ornamental crop cultivated as a bedding plant or for hanging baskets. We characterized gas exchange properties of S. aemula ‘New Wonder’ in response to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), carbon dioxide concentration, and leaf temperature. Net CO₂ assimilation rate (A) was responsive to CO₂, exhibiting a saturation when intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) was greater than 600 μmol mol⁻¹. Net CO₂ assimilation rate and dark respiration rate (R_d) were 23.1 and 2.3 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively, at 25 °C and PAR = 1500 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Net CO₂ assimilation rates were similar at leaf temperatures between 20 and 30 °C but significantly reduced at 15 °C. These gas exchange results were used to test the extendibility of a coupled gas exchange model previously developed for cut-roses. Utilizing the gas exchange data measured at 25 °C leaf temperature, several model parameters were independently determined for S. aemula. Model predictions were then compared with observations at different leaf temperatures. The model predicted the rates of net CO₂ assimilation and transpiration of S. aemula reasonably well. Without additional calibration, the model was capable of predicting the temperature dependence of net CO₂ assimilation and transpiration rates. Applying the model to predict the effects of supplemental lighting and CO₂ enrichment on canopy photosynthesis and transpiration rates, we show that this model could be a useful tool for examining environmental control options for S. aemula production in the greenhouse.     

浑善达克沙地药用种子植物区系分析

本文应用植物区系地理学的基本原理,对浑善达克沙地药用种子植物的科、属组成和属的地理成分进行了统计分析,结果表明:(1)本区有药用种子植物78科,270属,504种。(2)优势科现象明显;单种属、寡种属数量最多,属级水平的多样性丰富。(3)该区系包含14个分布区类型,温带性质的成分占绝对优势,热带性质的成分不多,特有程度低。(4)资源区域间分布差异大;有一定的古老成分。     

不同食料植物对安婀珍蝶幼虫生长发育影响

恒温条件下用薇甘菊、香泽兰、野茼蒿、菜苔和青菜为食料饲养安婀珍蝶,测定各龄幼虫的体长、体重和头壳宽度,研究不同食料植物饲养对安婀珍蝶幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明:安婀珍蝶取食野茼蒿、菜苔和青菜虽然程度有不同,但生长发育受到影响,高龄幼虫体长、体重和头壳宽度明显低于薇甘菊饲养的试虫,不能完成生活世代。     

青海省天然草地主要灌木,半灌木饲用植物资源及评价

对青海省天然草地灌木、半灌木饲用植物的数量构成、分布及其在草原中的作用及饲用价值进行了统计分析,旨在为开辟荒漠区的饲料资源提供资料。     

Plants,small mammals,and the hierarchical landscape classifications of Patagonia

Assemblages of plants were studied at 14 sites in northern Patagonia corresponding to localities at which we (Monjeau et al. 1997) earlier studied the relationship between small mammal assemblages and landscape classifications. This allowed us to test predictions that both plants and small mammals correspond to the more inclusive hierarchical landscape divisions but that plants track better than small mammals the less inclusive divisions. Species presence or absence of plants at each locality was used in a series of multivariate analyses and compared by correlation analysis with those generated from small mammal species data. Assemblages of both plants and small mammals corresponded to the upper divisions, which are based on climatic and geomorphological features, but small mammal assemblages did not correspond to the lower divisions of the landscape classifications. Three factors are considered as explanations for the observed differences between plants and small mammals: a) small mammal habitat is determined more by plant growth form than by plant species; b) trophic level differences between the two groups; and c) species pool size affects the resolution of microhabitat correspondence. Our data indicate that both plant assemblages and small mammal assemblages respond to climatic and geomorphological features, which is in contrast to the paradigm that mammal assemblages simply follow plant assemblages. We also attempted to reconcile classification systems in Patagonia by proposing a nomenclatural system based on a hierarchical classification. In the system proposed, ecoregion is the lowest division small mammal assemblages can recognize in Patagonia. Finally, we conclude that the hierarchical nature of landscapes based on a holistic view of environments reflects real entities that are not just the perceptions of landscape ecologists.