海漆不同提取方法提取物对3种植物病菌的抑制作用

以红树植物海漆不同提取方法的提取物对香蕉炭疽病、芒果炭疽病、香蕉枯萎病进行了室内抑菌活性试验。结果表明:4种提取方法的提取物对供试的病原菌有不同的抑制作用,其中溶剂浸渍法最好,索氏提取法和超临界CO2萃取法效果较差。     

Antifungal and Plant Growth Promoting Activities of Indigenous Rhizobacteria Isolated from Maize (Zea mays L.) Rhizosphere

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhance the plant growth directly by assisting in nutrient acquisition and modulating plant hormone levels, or indirectly by decreasing the inhibitory effects of various pathogens. The aim of this study was to select effective PGPR from a series of indigenous bacterial isolates by plant growth promotion and antifungal activity assays. This study confirmed that most of the isolates from maize rhizosphere were positive for PGPR properties by in vitro tests. Azotobacter and Bacillus isolates were better phosphate solubilizers and producers of lytic enzymes, hydrocyanic acid (HCN), and siderophores than Pseudomonas. Production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and antifungal activity were the highest in Azotobacter, followed by Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The most effective Azotobacter isolates (Azt₃, Azt₆, Azt₁₂) and Bacillus isolates (Bac_10, Bac₁₆) could be used as PGPR agents for improving maize productivity. Further selection of isolates will be necessary to determine their efficiency in different soils.     

一株产抗灰霉病菌株的发酵优化研究

[目的]对枯草芽孢杆菌a1发酵条件进行初步优化。[方法]以顺丁烯二酸酐为基础碳源,采用生长速率法测定发酵液对番茄灰霉菌的抑制率。[结果]该菌株较佳发酵条件为：酵母膏1%,含1%顺丁烯二酸酐的PDB培养基培养,温度30℃,接种量1%,装液量50 ml/500 ml,初始pH值5.5,摇床转速150 r/min,发酵时间120 h。[结论]为开发新型微生物源农药奠定基础。     

Antifungal activity of polyacetylenes isolated from Cirsium japonicum roots against various phytopathogenic fungi

Antifungal substances from a methanol extract of Cirsium japonicum roots were purified and characterized, and their antifungal activities against various plant pathogens were evaluated. Three polyacetylene substances were isolated from roots of C. japonicum using repeated column chromatography; these were identified as ciryneol A, ciryneol C and 1-heptadecene-11,13-diyne-8,9,10-triol by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses. In vitro antifungal activity of the three substances varied according to compound and target species. Magnaporthe oryzae, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum acutatum, Pythium ultimum and Botrytis cinerea were relatively sensitive to the three polyacetylenes, with IC₅₀ values below 50 μg mL⁻¹. In vivo, they all showed similar and broad antifungal spectra against the seven plant diseases tested. At 500 μg mL⁻¹, all three compounds effectively suppressed the development of rice blast, rice sheath blight, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust and red pepper anthracnose, with control values over 90%. They were highly active especially against wheat leaf rust; they controlled the development of this disease more than 88% even at a concentration of 125 μg mL⁻¹. In addition, ciryneol C effectively suppressed barley powdery mildew. This is the first report on the antifungal activities of the three polyacetylenes from roots of C. japonicum against plant pathogenic fungi. Polyacetylenes from roots of C. japonicum may contribute to the development of environmentally safer alternatives to protect crops from various phytopathogenic fungi.     

棉花黄萎病抗菌肽25a2的生物信息学分析

25a2是从解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）中分离出来的一个棉花黄萎病抗菌肽。利用生物信息学工具分析了抗菌肽25a2的氨基酸序列,预测其信号肽、跨膜区、理化特征、结构域、二级结构、三级结构等性质。结果显示,该蛋白属于分泌蛋白,其序列包含位于N端的一个信号肽和位于C端的一个跨膜区。25a2的二级结构以自由卷曲为主,属于混合型蛋白,三级结构为一个致密的球状。以上特征表明该抗菌肽最可能的作用机制是＂地毯＂模式。     

吸水链霉菌BS-112菌株产生抗家蚕病原真菌活性物质的发酵培养基配方优化

为了开发利用吸水链霉菌BS-112菌株产生的抗真菌活性物质防治家蚕真菌病,在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验优化BS-112菌株分泌产生抗真菌活性物质的发酵培养基配方。优化后的最佳发酵培养基配方为:18.0g/L葡萄糖,12.0g/L玉米粉,35.0g/L黄豆饼粉,0.4g/LKH2PO4,0.8g/LMgSO4。优化发酵培养基配方后的菌株发酵液对家蚕病原绿僵菌的抗菌效价达到4916.85μg/mL,较基础培养基提高了3.08倍。分别以价格低廉的玉米粉和豆饼粉作为发酵培养基的缓效碳源和有机氮源,有利于该菌株在蚕用抗生素产业化开发的应用。     

A novel antifungal anthraquinone from seeds of Aegle marmelos Correa (family Rutaceae)

A new anthraquinone, 1-methyl-2-(3′-methyl-but-2′-enyloxy)-anthraquinone (1) has been isolated from seeds of Aegle marmelos Correa and was characterized on the basis of spectral analysis (UV, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy). The compound exhibited significant antifungal activity against pathogenic strains of Aspergillus species and Candida albicans in disc diffusion assay (MIC value of 6.25 μg/disc), microbroth dilution and percent spore germination inhibition assays (MIC value of 31.25–62.5 μg/ml).     

蒿属植物提取物对棉花枯萎病菌和红腐病菌的抑制活性研究(英文)

在实验条件下,采用菌丝生长速率测定法,以棉花枯萎病菌、棉红腐病菌为供试菌,对茵陈、黄蒿、艾蒿3种蒿属植物提取物的抗菌活性进行了研究。结果表明,供试3种蒿属植物提取物对棉花枯萎病菌和棉花红腐病菌均具有较好的抗菌活性,其中尤以艾蒿提取物的抗菌活性强而稳定,48～96h对上述两病菌的菌丝抑制率均达80%以上;试验还比较了不同提取溶剂提取物的抗菌活性,发现提取物的抗菌活性随浓度的增高而增强,两者呈显著的正相关性;极性小的丙酮所得到的艾蒿提取物抗菌活性明显强于乙醇提取物,前者的EC50为1.4785mg/L,后者的为3.2090mg/L。间歇振荡法、超声波法、冷浸法提取物对供试菌的72h菌丝抑制率分别为84.34%、84.56%、88.70%,可见同种溶剂不同提取方法所得提取物抗菌活性基本一致。     

Chemical and antimicrobial studies of monoterpene: Citral

6,7-Citral-epoxy derivative (a mixture of E and Z isomers with respect to the C2 = C3 double bond) could be react with DNA base producing a major adduct. The mixture of epoxides was condensed with 2 mol of cytosine to give the adduct through condensation between aldehyde and amino groups. Antifungal and antibacterial studies were carried out on citral and citral-epoxide. Studies on the antifungal especially Penicilliumitalicum and Rhizopus stolonifer showed that citral and citral-epoxide have good antibacterial action. Antimicrobial studies of P.italicum and R. stolonifer explained also that citral and citral-epoxide have good antimicrobial activity. Citral epoxide shows high activity against the growth of bacteria methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fungi comparing by citral. The epoxide shows antibacterial activity more than the antibiotics nalidixic acid (NA) and ampicillin (AP) and nitrofurantoin (NI). The results revealed that these complexes are most effective against MRSA.     

枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1菌株抑菌活性研究

对1株枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1进行了抑菌活性测定研究。以苹果炭疽病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、水稻恶苗病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、辣椒疫霉病原菌、玉米小斑病菌7种植物病原菌为指示菌,采用对峙培养法、杯碟法以及菌丝生长速率法测定了枯草芽孢杆菌及其无菌发酵液对7种植物病原菌的拮抗活性,结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵液对番茄灰霉病菌生长有较强的抑制作用,对苹果炭疽病菌没有抑制作用。