绿洲耗水对阿克苏河流域地表径流的影响

利用高分辨率辐射计获得的遥感资料提取研究区的归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据,干旱区绿洲NDVI对径流响应敏感,根据经验,NDVI>0.2区域识别为绿洲,进一步提取绿洲范围内的NDVI累计数据,将其作为以农业活动为主的人类活动综合因素,结合径流资料,分析了1982-2006年阿克苏河流域绿洲耗水和地表径流之间的关系。结果表明：1982-2006年阿克苏河流域出山径流量相对研究初期增加21.4%,同期,绿洲耗水量相对增加53.2%,绿洲NDVI累计相对研究初期增加35.3%,绿洲面积增加33.4%;阿拉尔站径流量、绿洲耗水与绿洲来水量均呈正相关,表明中游绿洲扩张消耗的出山径流量增加;绿洲NDVI累计自河道向两侧变化剧烈程度逐步加强。同时,绿洲NDVI累计整体上从绿洲边缘向绿洲内部增加趋势逐步加强;考虑绿洲降水情景,NDVI累计和绿洲面积的相关性均大于未考虑绿洲降水情景,表明降水对绿洲起到了支撑、维护作用,对绿洲面积的贡献为25.2%。对比冰川径流、出山径流和流域降水的变差系数(C_v),加上冰川径流对绿洲面积的贡献为33.4%,表明冰川径流有调节出山径流量和维持绿洲规模相对稳定的作用。     

阿克苏红富士苹果结果期管理技术

针对影响阿克苏红富士苹果产量、品质的主要问题,从土肥水管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治、花果管理等方面提出了阿克苏红富士苹果结果期应采取的管理技术,以供参考。     

红河州农村信息化建设与发展探究——以开远市G村为个案分析

红河州依托云南“数字乡村”工程,在农村信息化建设中取得了突出的成绩,但也存在着一些现实问题.本文从探究红河州农村信息化建设模式入手,分析存在问题,并以开远市G村信息化建设为个案分析,提出“政府＋专业合作社”合作共建村级信息服务站的建设模式与发展思路,要加大扶持和投入力度,建立规范的农村信息服务体系,培养和引进信息化人才,提高城镇化率和开展示范区建设,进一步促进农村信息化发展.     

阿坝州森林抚育存在的问题及建议

指出了阿坝州是四川主要天然林区和绿色生态天然屏障,生态地位十分重要。分析了阿坝州森林抚育存在的问题,为森林经营提供了合理建议,以更好地提升该区域森林质量,发挥其生态功能。     

阿克苏地区社会融资规模对经济增长影响的实证分析

本文选取阿克苏地区1996~2012年社会融资规模和GDP的相关数据,采用计量模型对阿克苏地区的社会融资规模与地区经济增长进行实证分析,模型结果显示:社会融资规模对地区经济增长的影响是显著的。最后,本文结合地区实际提出建议:地区应丰富融资种类、调节融资结构,优化经济结构,各生产因素相互配合,保持地区社会融资规模连续稳定增长。     

称多县清水河乡典型退化草地调查研究

对玉树州称多县清水河乡典型退化草地不同退化梯度高寒草甸的群落结构持征、土壤养分和退化成因等进行了调查研究。结果表明,4种不同退化梯度的草地中,植物的物种多样性、土壤养分和含水量等均随退化程度的加剧而降低;原生植被和轻度退化草地是受害轻微的退化草地生态系统;重度退化草地和极度（“黑土型”）退化草地是受害程度极大的退化草地生态系统。     

云南省文山州草果产业化发展及对策

从云南省文山州草果种植的历史和发展现状出发,分析了文山州草果产业发展存在的问题,并提出了促进草果产业化的相应对策。     

阿克苏河流域公众气候变化感知及适应措施选择的差异分析

通过调查问卷方式,结合科学监测数据,分析阿克苏河流域公众对气候变化及其影响的感知及适应对策选择倾向,并比较了流域内不同地区、职业及学历居民的感知差异与对策选择差异。结果表明：① 阿克苏河流域绝大多数居民认为,气候已发生变化,且变化时间在20世纪80年代后,居民在气候变化感知中所体现的地区差异较明显。② 阿克苏河流域多数居民认为,当地“山区雪冰融化加速”、“自然灾害增多”、“播种期提前”,不同属性居民对其感知差异不明显;对于“河流水量变化”,居民的感知存在不确定性,并存在明显的区域差异。③ 农业系统自身调整型措施、基础设施建设型措施和提高农业水资源利用效率型措施易被居民接受。④ 阿克苏地区不同流域、职业及学历的居民在适应对策选择中存在一定差异,其中,中游居民、非农业者以及中高等学历者的应对措施倾向较为积极。
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Impact of agricultural development on variation in surface runoff in arid regions: a case of the Aksu River Basin

Located in the south of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region,the Tarim River is the longest inland river in China.Agricultural development,excessive exploitation and low surface water use efficiency in the headstream regions have led to a marked decrease in the water supply to the mainstream.This,in turn,has resulted in the drying-up of the watercourse in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and serious deterioration of the eco-environment.The Aksu River Basin,the most important headstream of the Tarim River,was selected as the research area in this study.Taking elastic coefficient,water demand coefficient and water utilization intensity as the indices,we studied the impact of agricultural development on decreasing surface runoff since the 1950s.The results indicated that(1) the increasing rate of consumption of surface runoff outstripped the rate of increase measured in the natural catchment discharge,resulting in ever diminishing stream discharge into the Tarim River.Agricultural irrigation and seepage loss in irrigation canal systems were the major sources for runoff consumption,taking 63.72% of the overall runoff consumption.What's more,agricultural water consumption took up more than 97% of the water used for long-term production;(2) the expansion of cultivated land,change of planting structure and comparatively low agricultural irrigation efficiency all contributed to the decrease in surface runoff of the Aksu River.The elasticity coefficient of surface runoff reduction corresponding to the increase in planted area was 0.34 in the 1950s,while in the 2000s it had increased to 7.87.This reflected a more sensitive response of runoff decrease to cultivated land expansion.The increase in cotton and fruit production,without widely-used scientific irrigation methods and water-saving technology,led to considerable waste of the water resources.Meanwhile,the irrigation efficiency was still quite low,characterized by the waste of water resources,and the decrease of surface runoff;(3) in different stages,cultivated land area,planting structure and agricultural water use efficiency exerted different effects on runoff decrease.In the early stage,agricultural development showed no obvious effect on runoff decrease.Since the 1960s,the expansion in cultivated land resulted in large consumption of surface runoff;since the 1990s,not only expansion in cultivated land expansion,but also planting structure exerted significant impact on the consumption of surface runoff.Recently,though agricultural water use efficiency has improved in some regions to reduce the consumption of runoff to a certain extent,overall agricultural water use efficiency is still quite low;(4) during the investigation period,water consumption by agricultural development reflected the unbalanced relationship between human activities and water resources.     

大理州集体林权制度改革研究

在林业"三定"和分类经营的基础上,阐述大理州集体林权制度改革的主要做法和取得的初步成效,分析现阶段集体林权制度改革面临的问题:规模化、集体化经营困难,林木采伐管理难度加大,农村烧材矛盾凸现等.探索下一步工作思路:进一步落实完善集体林经营体制、积极探索林改配套措施、调整完善林木采伐政策等.