28个小麦微核心种质抗叶锈性分析

选取在成株期表现高、中、低抗叶锈的28个小麦微核心种质,利用39个以Thatcher为背景的近等基因系(或单基因系)作为已知基因的鉴别寄主,接种8个小麦叶锈菌致病型进行苗期抗叶锈基因推导,结合成株期抗病鉴定,初步明确了这些品种(系)的抗性和可能携带的抗病基因。利用19个与Lr基因紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记,对28个微核心种质进行抗叶锈病基因的进一步鉴定,推测新克旱9号可能含有Lr17、Lr2b、Lr14a和Lr33;兴义4号可能含有Lr26、Lr36和Lr37;紫皮可能含有Lr2b和Lr34;大白皮含有Lr1;毕红穗含有Lr1、Lr10和Lr34;中优9507含有Lr10;小白麦、红粒当年老、老麦、蝉不吱、苏麦3号和车锏子含有Lr1和Lr34;红花早可能含有Lr1、Lr34、Lr14a和Lr2b;江西早、泡子麦、三月黄、有芒扫谷旦、阜阳红、成都光头和酱麦可能含有Lr34;敦化春麦和甘肃96可能含有Lr28;欧柔可能含有Lr34、Lr16、Lr11、Lr3bg和Lr33;此外,新克旱9号、兴义4号、红花早、红粒当年老、欧柔、有芒扫谷旦、成都光头、甘肃96、小红皮、定兴寨、中优9507和红冬麦中可能含有未知抗病基因;在这28份种质中,不含Lr9、Lr19、Lr20、Lr21、Lr24、Lr29、Lr35、Lr38和Lr47基因。研究结果表明,测试的微核心种质中含有比较丰富的抗叶锈病基因,可为育种提供丰富的抗源。     

Seed coat texture,host species and time of application affect the efficacy of essential oils applied for the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored pulses

The effects of the texture of seed coats of three pulse cultivars, of which two, TVu12349 (wrinkled cowpea) and Borno brown (rough cowpea) belonged to Vigna unguiculata, and one, Bunmonu (smooth bambara groundnut) belonged to Vigna subterranea, as well as pre-and post-oviposition application on the efficacy of the essential oils of clove (Syzgium aromaticum), West African black pepper (WABP) (Piper guineense) and ginger (Zingiber officinale), against oviposition and development of Callosobruchus maculatus, were investigated under prevailing storage conditions (32-35°C and 40-50% RH) and 24 h darkness in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Seed coat texture influenced the bioactivity of the essential oils, especially clove oil, against oviposition and the proportion of C. maculatus adults that emerged significantly more than host species: the mean numbers of eggs laid on the smooth-seeded Bunmonu, the rough-seeded Borno brown and the wrinkled TVu12349 were 16.9, 16.7 and 24.2%, respectively; adult emergence was 31.1% in the wrinkled TVu12349, 45.3% in the rough-seeded Borno brownand 10.2% in the smooth-seeded Bunmonu. The smooth-seeded Bunmonu reduced oviposition in seeds treated with clove oil by 91.4% and 98.4% relative to the mean number of eggs laid in the rough-seeded and the wrinkled Tvu12349, respectively; comparable figures of oviposition reduction by Bunmonu in untreated seeds were 4.8 and 15.9% relative to the mean number of eggs laid in Borno brown and Tvu12349, respectively. Both pre-and post-oviposition application of the essential oils significantly suppressed oviposition and/or adult emergence. In the pre-oviposition application, treatment of bambaranut seeds with clove, WABP and ginger oils at the rate of 1 mg/5 g seed reduced the mean number of eggs laid by C. maculatus by 70.7, 98.7 and 86.2%, respectively, relative to the number of eggs laid in untreated seeds. Post-oviposition treatments were, however, more effective on average, than pre-oviposition treatments in reducing the proportion of C. maculatus adults that emerged. In the post-oviposition application, no adult C. maculatus emerged in bambaranut seeds treated with clove oil at the rate of 0.5 or 1 mg/5 g seed.     

小麦白粉病成株抗性和抗倒伏性及穗下节长度的QTL定位

由小麦品种花培3号和豫麦57杂交获得了DH群体168个株系, 利用305个SSR标记对白粉病成株抗性、抗倒伏性和穗下节长度进行了QTL定位研究。DH群体及两亲本于2005年和2006年种植于山东泰安, 2006年种于安徽宿州。利用基于混合线性模型的QTLNetwork 2.0软件, 共检测到12个加性效应位点和10对上位效应位点。在4D染色体上控制白粉病成株抗性的qApr4D, 贡献率为20.0%, 在各环境中稳定表达, 其抗病等位基因来源于抗病亲本豫麦57; 在7D染色体上控制小麦穗下节长度的qIlbs7D, 贡献率为12.9%, 在各环境中稳定表达。加性效应和上位效应对小麦白粉病成株抗性、抗倒伏性和穗下节长度的遗传起重要作用, 并且基因与环境常常具有互作效应。以上两个QTL可分别用于小麦白粉病成株抗性和穗下节长度的分子标记辅助选择。     

Effect of adult nutrition and insect density on the performance of spotted stem borer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chilo partellus</Emphasis> in laboratory cultures

The spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is being successfully reared on artificial diets for screening programmes. Besides quality characteristics of the diet, rearing density and adult nutrition have significant implications on the successful mass multiplication of lepidopterans. The performance of C. partellus moths was assessed on different adult diets (water and sugar solution) and compared with unfed adults. Further, three pairing densities, viz. 2, 5 and 8 pairs/oviposition jar (1177.5 cm³) were compared for their effect on C. partellus longevity and fecundity. In another experiment, different larval densities (100, 150 and 200 neonate larvae/diet jar) were evaluated for their effect on the larval survival. Water-fed moths (both males and females) lived longer (7.32 and 7.26 days, respectively) and showed higher fecundity (307.17 eggs) than the sugar-fed or unfed moths. The latter, however, showed better egg hatchability (76.55%) than the water- or sugar-fed moths (60.45 and 50.59%, respectively). The longevity (5.67 days) and fecundity (258.46 eggs) were significantly greater at pairing density of 2 pairs/jar. The larval survival was higher (58.50%) at rearing density of 100 larvae/jar. The neonate larval release into diet jars was compared with conventional egg release and both modes were no different with respect to larval survival.     

柑桔大实蝇防治新技术研究

本文介绍了柑桔大实蝇防治的一种新技术。该技术的关键是,在成虫羽化期于桔园及其周围杂草上喷施诱杀剂,诱杀刚羽化出土的成虫,使用药剂为自配糖醋敌百虫诱杀剂,防治效果达99.81%,新技术的防治效果显著优于常规防治技术树冠诱杀所采用的点喷和挂瓶方式的防治效果,常规树冠诱杀使用药剂分别为：果瑞特、猎蝇、诱粘,防治效果分别为61.67%、59.53%、57.47%。     

黄瓜耐弱光性鉴定指标研究及其苗期与成株期的相关分析

以4份黄瓜品系为试验材料,通过测定不同弱光处理下叶片叶绿素含量随时间变化的情况,探索黄瓜苗期耐弱光性鉴定的最适宜光照强度与最佳鉴定时期,同时对黄瓜苗期耐弱光性进行鉴定,并对黄瓜苗期的叶片叶绿素含量降低率与成株期的产量降低率、植株干质量降低率进行相关性分析,探究黄瓜苗期与成株期耐弱光性的相关性。结果表明:20mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)弱光胁迫20d的幼苗叶片叶绿素含量降低率可以作为黄瓜苗期耐弱光筛选的快速鉴定指标。成株期产量的降低率与植株干质量的降低率均能反映成株期品种间耐弱光性的差异。苗期叶片叶绿素含量降低率与成株期的产量降低率呈显著正相关,不同品种在苗期和成株期的耐弱光性表现一致。W_(25)的耐弱光性较强,W_5的耐弱光性较差。     

湖北长阳山区萝卜根肿病抗性鉴定筛选

长阳山区是湖北高山地区主要的根肿病病区。以100份萝卜种质资源为材料,分别在长阳胡家坪和火烧坪进行根肿病田间成株期抗病性鉴定和苗期人工接种抗病性鉴定。综合成株期和苗期鉴定结果,筛选出抗根肿病种质资源13份,其中白皮萝卜8份(富源1号、华绿8号萝卜、重庆冰糖圆白、春不老、玉堂春、汉白玉、春玉和短叶13号),红皮萝卜3份(红罐、南京红和大红袍),绿皮萝卜2份(灌糖青和德日2号)。利用长阳火烧坪根肿病病圃田间鉴定了155个萝卜杂交组合,筛选出抗根肿病优良组合3个。     

Effect of vegetation types on oviposition preference of the giant purple emperor, Sasakia charonda

To determine the effect of vegetation types on the oviposition by the butterfly, Sasakia charonda, the host plants were planted in a meadow (site A), a small broadleaf forest (site B), a large broadleaf forest (site C), and at the edge of a Cryptomeria japonica forest adjacent to the large broadleaf forest (site D). The number of S. charonda eggs per planted host tree was higher at sites C and D than at site B, and no eggs were found at site A. The densities of both male and female adults were significantly higher at site C than at the other sites, and no adults were found at site A. A mark-and-recapture method estimated that the dispersal distances of wild adults were within 100m, although these adults already had heavily torn wings when they were initially captured. In one case, a female adult was caught 730m from the release point, a distance greater than that between sites A and C. When the wild adults were initially captured and when recaptured, they sipped the sap of Quercus acutissima. The capture and recapture points of most of the recaptured wild adults were in the Q. acutissima stand in the large broadleaf forest, where site C was located. Our observations at site A and the results of the mark-and-recapture study suggested that the flight range of mature adults was limited to large broadleaf forests containing Q. acutissima stands and long-distance dispersal seldom occurred or that the flyways of female adults searching for host trees were restricted to the vicinity of broadleaf forest areas, resulting in no visits to isolated host trees. Finally we discussed the selection of suitable host tree-planting sites for the conservation of this butterfly.     

星天牛蛹的发育及成虫补充营养特性的研究

星天牛是沿海防护林木麻黄的主要害虫。该虫以老熟幼虫在木麻黄主干木质部内越冬 ,化蛹集中于 4月中、下旬 ,蛹期 2 1～ 2 6d。日平均温度 1 9 5℃时蛹期 2 5d,2 1 5℃时蛹期 2 1d,蛹的发育起始温度为( 1 3 91± 0 69)℃ ,有效积温为 ( 1 44 0 4± 1 5 96)日度。羽化盛期为 5月中、下旬。根据蛹的形态和颜色的变化 ,整个蛹期可分为 4个时期 ,每一时期都具备各阶段蛹的形态特征。野外调查和室内外人工饲养表明成虫期补充营养最喜欢取食苦楝树。取食苦楝树的雌虫每头产卵在 1 5 6～ 1 98粒 ,平均 1 76 4粒 ,是取食木麻黄的 3 1 4倍 ,日平均产卵量是取食木麻黄的 1 5 7倍 ;取食苦楝树的雌虫寿命 72～ 1 1 0d,平均 91 8d ;雄虫寿命 88～ 1 2 5d,平均 1 0 3d ,雌、雄成虫分别比取食木麻黄的多存活 3 0 2、40d。     

马尾松毛虫越冬代成虫种群动态监测

马尾松毛虫是一种主要林业有害生物,通过黑光灯诱蛾试验对越冬代马尾松毛虫成虫种群进行动态监测,采用t检验法进行样本差异显著性检验,在可靠性95%的情况下差异显著,分析得出羽化盛期为5月24日前后,这段时间为黑光灯诱蛾的最佳时期。