无定形锰氧化物在氮素损失中的作用

Studies have been made,by ^15N-tracer technique on nitrogen loss resulting from adding amorphous manganese oxide to NH4^ -N medium under anaerobic conditions.The fact that the total nitrogen recovery was decreased and that ^15NO2,^15N2O,^15N^14NO,^15NO,^15N2 and ^15N^14N were emitted has proved that,like amorphous iron oxide,amorphous manganese oxide can also act as an electron acceptor in the oxidation of NH4^ -N under anaerobic conditions and give rise to nitrogen loss.This once again illustrates another mechanism by which the loss of ammonium nitrogen in paddy soils is brought about by amorphous iron and manganese oxides.The quantity of nitrogen loss by amorphous manganese oxide increased with an increase in the amount of amorphous manganese oxide added and lessened with time of its aging.The nitrogen loss resulting from amorphous manganese oxide was less than that from amorphous iron oxide.And the nitrogen loss resulting from amorphous manganese oxide was less than that from amorphous iron oxide.And the nitrogen loss by cooperation of amorphous manganese oxide and microorganisms (soil suspension) was larger than that by amorphous manganese oxide alone.In the system,nitrogen loss was associated with the specific surface ares and oxidation-reduction of amorphous manganese oxide.However,their quantitative relationship and the exact reaction processes of nitrogen loss induced by amorphous manganese oxide remain to be further studied.     

由石灰性冲积物发育而来的排水不良和排水良好的土壤中游离氧化物的分布

A study on the distribution of free iron and manganese oxides was conducted in soils developed on calcareous alluvial deposits under subhumid climatic conditions, in Western Greece. Soil samples from two well drained soils and from two poorly drained soils, classified as Alfisols, were collected and used in this study. After certification of soil homogeneity the acid ammonium oxalate and dithionite-citrate-bicaxbonate methods were used to extract free iron and manganese oxides from the samples. Iron oxides extracted by the dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate method (Fed) were significantly higher than the iron oxides extracted by the ammonium oxalate method (Feo), indicating that a considerable fraction is present in crystalline forms, independent of drainage status. A confirmation of free iron oxides and fine clay was detected. The ratios Feo/Fed and (Fed-Feo)/total Fe (Fet) could not be used to distinguish the well drained soils from the poorly drained soils. Manganese movement in a soluble form is independent of the fine clay.     

植物根表铁,锰氧化物胶膜及其在植物营养中的作用

在渍水土壤中，由于嫌气条件下存在有许多Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｍｎ＾２＋，长期适应这种环境的植物具有氧化根际的能力，从而在其根表淀积形成铁、锰氧化物胶膜。研究表明，这些包被在根表的铁、锰氧化物胶膜在适应淹水条件、养分吸收及重金属离子进入植物体过程中起着重要作用，具有重要生态意义。本文综述了近年来国际上这方面的研究进展。     

苄嘧磺隆在几种氧化物表面的吸附及氯离子对吸附的影响

 利用平衡吸附法研究了苄嘧磺隆在高岭土、针铁矿、水铁矿、非晶型氢氧化铝及水钠锰矿表面的吸附以及氯离子对吸附的影响。结果表明 ,供试粘土矿物及氧化物对苄嘧磺隆的吸附均符合Langmuir方程 ,最大吸附量大小顺序为 :非晶型氢氧化铝 >针铁矿 >水铁矿 >水钠锰矿 >高岭石 ,且吸附量随氯离子浓度的增加而降低。其中在非晶型氢氧化铝和针铁矿表面的降幅较大     

苹果贮藏保鲜的问题与发展方向

(一)苹果贮藏保鲜中存在的问题 (1)苹果贮藏保鲜多用化学药剂 多菌灵、托布津等化学农药对人、畜有致畸作用,2、4-D中含有极微量的有毒物质对人体的威胁也很大,三唑类有机化合物有一定的致癌性,残留在食品中的二氧化硫能引起严重的过敏反应。因而,化学药剂对于苹果防腐保鲜是有待改进的。 (2)果蔬产地缺乏冷库设施     

植物的pH值,等电点,细胞膜透性与抗氟化物的关系

不同植物叶细胞的ｐＨ值，等电点，细胞膜透性的变化与抗氟性有一定的相关性。ｐＨ值高、等电点低的植物抗氟性强，受氟化物危害后细胞膜透性变化小，反之，ｐＨ值高，等电点也高的植物抗氟性弱，受氟化物危害后细胞膜透性变化大。     

铁锰结核的元素组成及微形态特征

本文研究了钙质变性土中铁锰结核的矿质全量组成、微量元素丰度，微形态特征以及土壤和铁锰结核中各形态铁锰氧化物的组成特点，结果表明，铁锰结核中仍以ＳｉＯ２含量最高，但Ｆｅ２Ｏ３含量增加超过了Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＭｎＯ含量大大超过了Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、ＴｉＯ２和ＭｇＯ的含量，所测定的９种微量元素中以Ｂａ含量最高，其次是Ｖ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ３种铁族元素，Ｃｕ和Ｐｂ含量也较高，但Ｚｎ和Ｃｒ含量较低，一般黑土层中的结核较小，     

农业生产中的铁锰平衡问题

本文根据对菠萝和水稻的研究,论述了土壤和植物体内铁与锰的关系,认为在植物体内铁与锰的比例应保持一个平衡的关系。如果锰多铁少、比例失调,作物的正常生长将受到危害。     

铁锰营养平衡与水稻生长发育

通过实地考查、土培试验，对水稻“黄化病”与铁锰平衡的关系、铁锰平衡失调对水稻生长发育的影响及其调控措施进行了探讨．结果表明；水稻“黄化病”是由于土壤中过量的锰及有效铁锰比低，使水稻积累过多的标而降低活性铁含量水平，使水稻受到生理缺铁胁迫和铁锰营养平衡失调，而诱发的生理病害；铁锰平衡失调使水稻生长发育严重受阻、产量极显著降低；施用硅酸盐、石灰或叶面喷施铁后，均有利于改善水稻铁锰营养平衡，促进水稻生长发育．