一起雏鹅氟中毒病例报告

氟作为畜禽日粮中的微量元素之一，对畜禽骨骼、牙齿的形成以及钙磷代谢都有着十分重要的作用。一般情况下，畜禽饲料中不会出现氟缺乏现象；但在生产实践中，氟含量过高的现象却是多有发生，导致畜禽食后出现氟中毒，给养殖户造成损失。现将一起雏鹅氟中毒病例介绍如下：     

植酸酶对肉鸭生产性能及钙磷代谢的影响

选用1600羽樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,分别饲喂植酸酶负对照日粮和用植酸酶部分替代磷酸氢钙的试验日粮,以研究植酸酶对肉鸭生产性能和钙、磷代谢的影响。结果表明:用100mg/kg植酸酶替代50%的磷酸氢钙可显著提高肉鸭日增重(P<0.05),而分别用100、100mg/kg和120mg/kg植酸酶替代50%、75%和75%的磷酸氢钙对采食量、饲料转化率、胫骨灰分和钙、磷含量影响不显著(P>0.05),但可显著提高植酸磷利用率和降低饲料磷的排泄(P<0.05)。综合考虑本试验结果可得出,樱桃谷肉鸭饲料中可用100mg/kg植酸酶替代50%～75%的磷酸氢钙。     

妊娠母牛不可饲喂稻草

妊娠母牛饲喂稻草易得产后瘫痪,这是广大群众在多年实践中总结出来的宝贵经验.其原因：①由于稻草中含钙、磷量少且不易被吸收,稻草中钙的含量约为0.28%,磷的含量约为0.08%,分别为禾本科青干草的1/2和1/4.以稻草为主要饲草的妊娠母牛摄取钙、磷的量较少;②稻草中的硅盐含量比较高,越是生长茂盛,其硅酸盐的含量越高,稻草中的钙绝大多数以硅酸钙的形式存在,很难溶解;③由于妊娠母牛对钙、磷的需要量较空怀时多,妊娠期间除了要满足本身的需要外,还要满足其胎儿生长发育的需要.若大量饲喂稻草,牛体从中摄取的钙磷量较少,体内的钙磷出现供不应求的局面,只好动用自身骨骼中的钙、磷以满足胎儿的需要.久而久之造成了妊娠母牛体内钙、磷代谢严重的负平衡.④母牛产犊后大量泌乳,对钙、磷需要量也进一步加大,其结果导致母牛骨骼的软化和疏松.故极易瘫痪.     

奶牛钙磷代谢病的防制

近些年来,钙磷代谢失衡引起的奶牛骨营养不良症在生产中屡屡发生。生产瘫痪和低磷血症虽属两种不同的表现形式。但笔者根据实践认为,用钙磷代谢理论来分析病症的临床表现,并采取相应措施,是解除病患、标本兼治的关键所在。     

Effects of Fermentation Product Containing Phytase on Productive Performance,Egg Quality,and Phosphorous Apparent Metabolism of Laying Hens Fed Different Levels of Phosphorus

This study investigated the effects of fermentation product containing phytase （FPP） that was fermented using waste vinegar residue （WVR） as substrate from Aspergillusficuum NTG-23 on productive performance, egg quality, and phosphorus apparent metabolism of laying hens. First, 375 22-wk-old Jinghong hens were allocated into 5 treatments （5 replicates of 15 hens each） in an 8-wk experiment for evaluating the parameters of productive performance, egg quality, serum, and tibia. Experimental diets contained 4% FPP and 96% corn-soybean diet. The levels of dicalciurn phosphate （DCP） were 1.34, 1.01, 0.67, 0.34 and 0%. Next, thirty 31-wk-old Jinghong hens were fed 5 types of diets for evaluating phosphorous apparent metabolism rate. Egg productive rate, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, Haugh unit, egg albumen height, serum calcium, tibia ash, tibia ash calcium and tibia breaking strength were not different significantly among 5 treatments. The significant difference of average daily feed intake was not appeared when the DCP content of corn-soybean-FPP diet was reduced to 0.67%; the eggshell hardness, eggshell thickness and serum phosphorus were not reduced significantly until the DCP content of corn-soybean-FPP diet was reduced to 0.34%. The yolk color was improved when the laying hens fed deficient DCP corn-soybean-FPP diet. A 22.14% reduction in excreta phosphorus was observed when the laying hens fed low phosphorus （0.67% DCP） corn-soybean-FPP diet. A 30% elevation of phosphorus apparent metabolism rate was obtained when the DCP content of corn-soybean-FPP diet was decreased from 1.34 to 1.01%. The reducing cost of layer diet was totalized about 120 CNY 1000 kg1 diet when the content of DCP was 0.67% in corn-soybean-FPP diet. These results indicated that FPP could be applied in laying hen as a potential, cost-effective and rational application of WVR.     

鸡维生素D缺乏症的防治

维生素D的主要作用是促进肠粘膜对钙、磷的吸收,增加其在血液中的含量,同时具有抑制甲状旁腺,增加肾小管对磷的再吸收。因此,维生素D是调节鸡体钙、磷代谢的重要因素之一。1.病因维生素D不足或缺乏,在一定程度上与日粮中钙、磷含量有关。当日粮中维生素D含量不足或鸡本身患有胃     

氧化土和老成土中自然产生的有机酸对磷的活化

Citric and malic acids at concentrations of 0.1,1.0,10,and 100 mmol/L were added to three Ultisols and one Oxisol,The amount of P in solution increased with increasing organic acid concentrations,while the amount of Fe-and Al-bound P decreased.This result suggested that naturally occurring products of organicmatter decomposition could increase the P availability to plants in soils where there is a relatively large pool of Fe-and Al-bound P.The interactions between citric and malic acids at the above concentrations,and p added at rates of 10,20,40,and 80mg/kg were determined.At zero levels of organic acids,all added P became either labile or bound ,and greater proportions remained soluble as the concentration of orgaic acids increased,which suggested that organic acids reduced fixation of dissolved P in Fe-and AL-rich soils .Agricultural practices which increase organic matter input on P-deficient acid soild could decrease P deficiency,This would be important in many tropical and subtropical regions where these soils are common,and where the costs of fertilizers and lime are relatively high.     

日粮纤维水平对猪生长性能、养分消化和磷代谢的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮添加不同水平的纤维素对猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和磷损失的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（48.68±0.29）kg的320头生长猪随机分为4组（T1～T4）,每组4个重复,每个重复20头。各组饲喂不同纤维素水平的无磷日粮,纤维素水平分别为0、30、60和90?g/kg,试验共开展21?d。结果：不同纤维日粮对猪末重、日增重、总磷和内源性磷排放量的影响均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。T3组平均日采食量较T1和T4组分别显著提高7.13%和7.23%（P＜0.05）,但T4组料重比较T2和T3组分别显著降低3.65%和4.95%（P＜0.05）。T1组粪磷排泄量分别较其他组显著提高229.41%、460%和460%（P＜0.05）。T3和T4组粪中干物质含量最高（P＜0.05）,T4组粪中有机物含量显著高于T1和T2组（P＜0.05）。T1组粪中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙含量均显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）。T1组总能、干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质及钙表观消化率均显著高于T3和T4组（P＜0.05）。结论：随着日粮纤维素水平的升高,能量、干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和钙表观消化率降低,但日粮纤维素水平对内源性磷损失无负面影响。 [关键词]纤维水平|猪|生长性能|养分消化|磷代谢     

不同钙水平日粮中植酸酶对肉鸡生长和钙磷代谢的影响

选用２００羽１日龄安纳克黄羽鸡,在玉米－糠麸－菜豆粕型日粮中分４个钙总磷比（１．０：１,１．３：１,１．６：１．９：１）添加植酸酶,进行不同钙水平影响肉用仔鸡生长性能和钙磷利用效果的研究。结果显示,日粮在低钙水平,即钙磷比为（１．０￣１．３）：１时添加植酸酶,肉用仔鸡具有较高的增重速度和饲料利用率,并且钙,总磷,植酸磷和蛋白质表观消化率也较高。