相互激活——竞争模型(IAC)在林业中应用的探讨

介绍了IAC模型的原理和功能,探讨了该模型在林分综合分类及林分缺失信息补救方面的应用。通过对现实林分的模拟结果,表明IAC模型综合分析能力强,获取信息量大,结果准确可靠。     

稳定表达山羊SLAM受体的BHK-21细胞系的建立及应用

信号淋巴激活分子(SLAM)又称为CD150,是小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)和犬瘟热病毒(CDV)等麻疹病毒属病毒感染淋巴细胞的主要受体,在病毒侵入细胞中发挥重要作用。为建立稳定表达山羊SLAM(g SLAM)的真核细胞系,本研究将人工合成的g SLAM基因克隆至真核表达质粒p IRESpuro3中,并在该基因的3'端引入Flag标签序列作为分子标记,构建了重组质粒p IRES3-g SLAM。将该重组质粒转染BHK-21细胞,经嘌呤霉素加压筛选及采用表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组PPRV病毒(r PPRV/GFP)感染鉴定后,筛选到稳定表达g SLAM基因的细胞系。r PPRV/GFP感染和western blot鉴定表明,无论是否有嘌呤霉素压力的存在,该细胞系在传代至第20代,仍能稳定表达g SLAM蛋白。由于g SLAM氨基酸序列与犬的同源性较高,以表达GFP重组CDV强毒株(r CDV/GFP)感染该细胞系,病毒可以感染且能形成明显的细胞病变,表明该细胞系可用于CDV强毒分离和致弱机制等相关研究。     

卵泡数量对陕北白绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟与孤雌发育的影响

为了进一步探索陕北白绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的方法,试验以屠宰场陕北绒山羊卵巢为材料,采用抽吸法收集直径大于2 mm卵泡的卵母细胞,研究卵泡数量对卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌发育的影响。根据卵泡数目的差异分为3组,其中卵泡数目大于15个的设为Ⅰ组,卵泡数目在8~14个之间的和卵泡数目在1~7个之间的分别设为Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组。对山羊卵母细胞及孤雌激活后胚胎进行体外培养后,进而根据山羊卵母细胞体外成熟率、孤雌激活胚卵裂率和囊胚发育率来分析卵泡数量对其发育的影响。结果显示卵泡数目在8~14个之间的Ⅱ组山羊卵母细胞体外成熟率显著高于其他两组(P0.05),而这3组间的卵裂率和囊胚率差异不显著(P0.05)。表明山羊卵泡数目的过多或过少降低了卵母细胞体外成熟效率,且对孤雌激活胚的发育能力无影响。     

Effect of Nutrient Restriction and Compensation on Weight,Serum Indexes and Gene Expression of Chest Fat Adipokines in Mongolian Lamb

To study the effect of nutrient restriction and compensation on weight,serum indexes and gene expression of chest fat adipokine in Mongolian lamb,thirty male lambs were randomly divided into control group (20.26 kg± 3.63 kg) and feed restricted group (21.29 kg±3.00 kg).The experiment lasted for 120 days,including 60 days for feed restriction and 60 days for compensatory feed.At the end of each stage,five lambs from each group were slaughtered and chest fat was collected.Serum concentration of triglycerides,non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA),total cholesterol were measured.Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to determine Adiponectin,Visfatin,PPAR-γ and ACC genes expression.The results showed that:①The lamb body weight of restricted group kept maintain level and that of control group showed a increase tendency.During the compensatory period,the average daily gain (ADG) of restricted group was significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05).②During the restriction period,serum triglycerides concentration of lambs in restricted group was significantly decreased at day 30 and 60 (P< 0.05),and NEFA concentration was significantly increased at day 30 (P< 0.05).After 60 days of nutritional compensation,all serum parameters we tested were not significantly different between restrict group and control group (P >0.05).③During the restriction period,PPAR-γ and ACC gene expression in restricted group were significantly lower than that of control group (P< 0.05),while no significant differences were found during the compensation period (P>0.05).Adiponectin and Visfatin genes expression in chest fat was not significantly changed throughout the experiment (P >0.05).We could know that nutritional restriction reduced fatty acid synthesis and adipocyte differentiation ability,adipose tissue was mobilized energy metabolism,and total cholesterol was recoveried growth on the compensation.However,the ACC and PPAR-γ genes in restricted group were significantly decreased with the body weight increased rapidly during the compensatory stage.Adiponectin and Visfatin were not significantly different between restricted and compensatory stages.     

规则约束下水禽养殖户饲料添加剂使用意愿与行为研究——基于TPB-NAM整合模型

饲料添加剂具有提高动物免疫功能、促进动物健康生长等诸多优势。然而,滥用饲料添加剂已经对动物、人类健康和环境构成了严重的威胁,规范使用饲料添加剂是养殖户亲环境生产行为的重要表现。基于计划行为理论(TPB)和规范激活理论(NAM)的整合框架,利用江西省、湖北省和云南省水禽养殖户微观调查数据,采用结构方程模型,从个体理性和社会理性两个维度,分析在规则约束下水禽养殖户饲料添加剂的使用意愿与行为。结果表明,受访者表现出较高的规范使用饲料添加剂意愿,均值为3.764,但实际行为偏低,均值为3.216。态度、主观规范和感知行为控制均对水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂意愿产生显著正向影响,但影响效应依次减弱;结果意识正向影响责任归属,而责任归属和感知收益共同激活个人规范。意愿与个人规范对水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂行为均具有显著正向影响,且意愿的影响更大,但意愿与行为之间存在悖离现象。据此,提出应采取措施提升水禽养殖户规范使用饲料添加剂的积极态度,强化水禽养殖户在生产过程中所承担的环境责任,营造规范使用饲料添加剂氛围,加大政策支持和补贴力度,加强监管与督察力度等政策建议。     

鸭绿沙塘鳢精子生理学特征

为探究鸭绿沙塘鳢(Odontobutis yaluensis)精子生理学特征, 提高精子活力, 测定了其精液浓度、精子密度、 pH 和精子活力, 以精子激活率(activation rate, AR)、快速运动时间(fast movement time, FT)以及精子寿命(life time, LT)作为评价精子活力的指标, 检测了水温、pH、离子(NaCl、KCl、CaCl₂、MgCl₂)、非离子(葡萄糖、Tris、甘油)、 碱度(NaHCO₃)共 10 种单因子条件下的精子活力, 并在此基础上进行 17 组复合因子精子激活液的筛选。结果表明, 鸭绿沙塘鳢精巢前段精子活力、精子密度、精液浓度均高于中后段, 精巢整体精子密度(1.83±0.03)×10⁹ 个/mL, 精液浓度 23.10%, pH 6.9±0.1。单因子精子激活液中, 鸭绿沙塘鳢在水温 20 ℃、pH 6.0、NaCl 68 mmo/L、 KCl 54 mmol/L、CaCl₂ 27 mmol/L、葡萄糖 28 mmol/L、甘油 65 mmol/L 条件下精子 AR, FT 和 LT 均最高, 在 MgCl₂ 11 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L 激活液中精子激活率最高。复合因子精子激活液中, 精子在 KCl 40 mmol/L、甘油 33 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L 条件下 AR, FT 和 LT 均最高, 精子活力最高。综上所述, 在进行鸭绿沙塘鳢人工授精时, 可直接使用精巢前段(生精部), 同时应用复合因子精子激活液(KCl 40 mmol/L、甘油 33 mmol/L、Tris 4 mmol/L)提高精子活力。     

NGF和BDNF对猪孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响

在NCSU-23改良培养液中分别添加不同质量浓度的脑源性神经生长因子(不rain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)和神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF),观察其对猪孤雌激活胚胎体外生长的影响。结果显示:在培养液中添加40μg/L的BDNF,可促进猪孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚形成;在猪PA胚胎培养液中添加不同质量浓度的NGF,对猪孤雌激活胚胎的在卵裂率、囊胚率和囊胚孵化率影响不明显。结果表明,在NCSU-23改良培养液中添加一定质量浓度的BDNF可促进猪孤雌激活胚胎体外培养过程中囊胚的形成。     

不同毒力传染性法氏囊病病毒衣壳蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及鉴定简

传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）毒株Gx（超强毒株）、F9（中等毒力毒株）、Gt（弱毒株）遗传背景高度相似,但生物学性状差异显著。为研究不同毒力毒株与宿主细胞相互作用的分子细节,本研究将IBDV Gx、F9、Gt毒株的衣壳蛋白VP2基因克隆入pGBKT7载体,分别构建了诱饵载体pGBGxVP2、pGBF9VP2和pGBGtVP2。经Matchmaker Gold Yeast Two-hybrid System验证,结果显示所构建的3个诱饵载体均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为利用酵母双杂交系统深入研究IBDV与宿主相互作用奠定了基础。     

Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance

Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses. Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production. It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response. The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include： anorexia, fever, lethargy, recruitment of other immune cells, and phagocytosis. While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids, increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation. However, the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake. Therefore, as feed intake decreases, the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased. This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie：lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs. The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge. Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet, limit feed, or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge. While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation, when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources （i.e., soybean meal）. This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine, which lowers post weaning diarrhea. It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut. The objective of this review is two-fold. The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions, or lack thereof, and secondly, to review amino acid re