基于GIS的宁夏酿酒葡萄优质生态区区划与应用

目前国内外酿酒葡萄生态区划多侧重于气候区划,本研究在前人研究的基础上,综合考虑气候和环境资源,本着循序渐进、分层推进、优中选优的区划原则,提出酿酒葡萄优质生态区的区划指标,运用GIS技术,完成宁夏酿酒葡萄优质生态区区划。结果表明：宁夏中北部大部地区可以种植酿酒葡萄,约占宁夏国土总面积的1/3;在可种植区域内,气候最适宜区面积占32%,主要集中在北部灌区特别是贺兰山东麓大部地区;在气候最适宜区内,生态特优区占1.8%,分布在距银川市西约30公里的贺兰山东麓,青铜峡鸽子山和中宁白马、余丁乡北部部分山地。研究成果可大大提高宁夏酿酒葡萄区划结果的精细化程度,直接服务当地酿酒葡萄基地选择和区域化发展。     

葡萄酒中黄酮醇的高效液相色谱测定方法以及陈酿对黄酮醇含量的影响

采用乙睛:甲醇:水为流动相(加1%四氢呋喃,Tetrahydrofuran,THF),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为20℃,检测波长为360nm,用直接进样法,成功建立了10种黄酮醇(Quercetin,Kaempferol,Myricetin,Rhamnetin,Isorhamnetin,Quercetrin,Rutin,Morin,Galangin,Fisetin)及2种黄酮Apigenin和Luteolin的分离方法,并对中国7种红葡萄酒进行了检测。同时,还对欧洲、美洲以及欧美混合橡木3种不同类型橡木桶中的陈酿酒样进行了动态测定。结果表明,经3种橡木桶陈酿后,Myricetin,Luteolin,Quercetin以及Kaempferol的黄酮醇含量均显著降低,而Isorhamnetin的含量则显著升高。同时,不同类型橡木桶中Myricetin和Kaempferol变化规律差异较大,Luteolin、Quercetin及Isorhamnetin的变化规律则较相似,而Galangin则均在陈酿后期才有少量检出,表明葡萄酒中Galangin的形成与葡萄酒在橡木桶中的陈酿密切相关。     

冰葡萄酒生产及其在我国的发展

生产冰酒的关键是原料,葡萄必须在自然条件下冰冻在葡萄藤上,采摘温度控制在-15℃～-8℃.真正的冰葡萄酒来自于优质葡萄品种,并用独特的生产工艺酿制.冰酒在国际市场上是珍品,是一个极具开发潜力的产业,在我国刚刚起步,随着基地建设和成熟配套技术的推广,将具有更大的市场和发展.     

葡萄酒餐饮服务系统的研制

为满足广大葡萄酒爱好者、餐饮行业、教学单位等对葡萄酒餐饮服务方面知识的需求,运用软件工程学、葡萄酒餐酒搭配和葡萄酒侍酒服务方面的知识,采用高级数据库语言VisualFoxpro6.0开发了“葡萄酒餐饮服务系统”,可作为了解和学习葡萄酒的餐饮服务知识提供了一个良好的平台。经运行和调试达到了预期的设计目的,文中介绍了本系统的功能、运行环境及特点。     

草莓深加工研究进展

草莓是我国重要的经济作物,目前年产量已达200×104t.草莓是浆果,成熟后贮藏期较短,为充分开发草莓资源,草莓深加工是草莓产业的必经之路.通过综述近几年我国草莓深加工方面的研究进展,以及各种深加工产品的研发、相应生产工艺的优化,展望未来草莓深加工的发展方向.     

Governance and the wine commodity chain: Upstream and downstream strategies in New Zealand and Chilean wine firms

Abstract: This paper explores the theme of governance as it relates to the evolution of global commodity chains in agro‐industry and their incorporation of wine firms in two countries of the semi‐periphery, New Zealand and Chile. The paper goes on to specifically examine the upstream and downstream relationships of selected New Zealand and Chilean wine firms to the wider commodity chains in which they are involved. Brief case studies will analyse the downstream and upstream links to the commodity chain of key wine firms in both countries. Such cases provide indicative evidence of the underlying processes of the commodity chain that are constantly changing.     

Control of postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes with endophytic isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans

Fifty-one endophytic isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans were obtained from the flesh of sweet cherries and extensively screened to evaluate their biocontrol activity against postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes. Preliminary analysis of all isolates by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with three different primers showed the presence of a high genetic variability and enabled isolates not showing any genetic difference to be discarded. Thirty-five isolates with different RAPD electrophoresis patterns had a wide range of biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia laxa on single-wounded berries of sweet cherries and table grapes with a reduction of decay from 10 to 100%. Two isolates (533 and 547) significantly reduced B. cinerea on table grape berries also when applied 6, 12, and 24 h after the pathogen inoculation. In a 2-year period of investigation (1998–1999), a reduction of total rots ranging from 32 to 80% (sweet cherries) and from 59 to 64% (table grape) was achieved with isolates 533 and 547 applied after harvest. Preharvest applications of isolate 547 significantly reduced postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes by 47 and 38%, respectively. On the whole, isolates 533 and 547 were more effective than A. pullulans L47, a biocontrol agent of postharvest diseases with a known activity. Population studies demonstrated that isolate 547 was able to survive under field conditions, to increase its population during cold storage, and to penetrate the flesh of sweet cherries when applied during flowering.     

GC-MS分析比较广西5种果酒中的香气成分

采用液液萃取法分别提取了广西5种果酒中的香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行检测.共鉴定出化合物58种,包括22种酯类、11种酸类、7种醛类、6种醇类、4种苯酚类、4种杂环类、4种其他类共7大类,5种果酒香气成分及相对含量各有差异;香气种类数按照金樱子酒、罗城山野葡萄酒、稔子酒、酸梅酒、余甘酒依次增加;香气成分除稔子酒以醇类物质为主外,其他4种酒均以酯类物质为主;采用二氯甲烷萃取时,与中层酒样相比,下层酒样富集了较多的香气成分.     

黑莓果酒发酵期间功能性成分变化规律研究

[目的]研究黑莓果酒发酵过程中功能性成分的变化规律。[方法]以黑莓原汁复合20％梨汁为原料酿造黑莓果酒,跟踪考察黑莓果酒发酵过程中总糖、pH、单宁、总酚和花青素含量的变化。[结果]试验表明,至发酵结束黑莓果酒总糖降至约5g／L;pH主发酵期间在3．50～3．45范围内波动,陈酿期间降低至3．35;单宁在主发酵期间呈上升趋势,陈酿期间略有降低,陈酿180d后单宁含量稳定在5．58g／L;总酚在主发酵期间呈缓慢下降趋势,陈酿180d后总酚含量为0．88g／L;花青素在发酵前2d迅速下降,第3天起下降速度变慢,陈酿期间花青素含量呈缓慢下降趋势。[结论]研究可为酿造优质的黑莓果酒提供科学依据。     

LT-Ⅰ分析7个酿酒葡萄品种枝条的抗寒性

[目的]应用伤害度-温度回归直线(LT-Ⅰ)的方法研究枝条低温放热(LTE),比较不同酿酒葡萄品种枝条的抗寒性.[方法]采用差热分析系统(DTA)对巨峰葡萄枝条进行低温放热分析,三点法确立韧皮部、髓及木质部伤害度-温度回归方程(LT-Ⅰ),并用传统低温冷冻处理测定褐变率及电导率进行验证.[结果]LT-Ⅰ分析得到的伤害度与传统低温冷冻处理的褐变率及电导率具有极显著相关关系,相关系数分别为0.996和0.983,说明LT-Ⅰ分析方法可以应用于葡萄枝条抗寒性分析.7个酿酒品种在降温过程中的韧皮部LT-Ⅰ斜率不同,从小到大依次为贵人香＜西拉＜赤霞珠＜美乐＜霞多丽＜蛇龙珠＜熊岳白;韧皮部的致死温度从高到低依次为美乐＞蛇龙珠＞霞多丽＞贵人香＞西拉＞赤霞珠＞熊岳白.不同品种木质部响应降温的斜率与韧皮部不同,西拉＜熊岳白＜霞多丽＜蛇龙珠＜美乐＜赤霞珠＜贵人香;木质部冻死温度从高到低顺序为西拉＞霞多丽＞蛇龙珠＞美乐＞赤霞珠＞贵人香＞熊岳白.[结论]LT-Ⅰ是一种简单可靠的研究枝条抗寒性的方法,LTE综合指数比较得出熊岳白、贵人香枝条的抗寒性较强,其次为赤霞珠,西拉、美乐、蛇龙珠和霞多丽抗寒性较差.