微滤机及其在中国的应用

本文叙述了自1982年以来由湖南大学土木工程系和机电工厂联合开发研究的微滤机在中国给水净化工程中的应用,该文依据已应用于生活给水、工业用水和工业废水处理的资料,扼要地阐述了微滤机的设备和滤网以及有关微滤机装置的设计原则。     

肝片吸虫感染对反刍动物胆道粘膜肥大细胞数量的变化

分别对肝片吸虫自然感染的５头黄牛和５头绵羊以及无肝片吸虫感染的５头黄牛和５头绵羊的胆道粘膜肥大细胞（ＭＭＣ）进行了计数观察。结果与某些动物肠道蠕虫感染一样，肝片吸虫在反刍动物胆道的寄生引起了胆道ＭＭＣ的显著增多。有肝片吸虫和无肝片吸虫感染的黄牛胆道ＭＭＣ分别为４３１±１０３／ｍｍ２及１９１±６６／ｍｍ２（Ｐ＜０．０５），而绵羊胆道ＭＭＣ则分别为７０２±３００／ｍｍ２和７５±１３／ｍｍ２（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Serum gamma glutamyl transferase activity in horses with right or left dorsal displacements of the large colon

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that horses with right dorsal displacement of the large colon (RDDLC) have elevations in serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity when compared with horses with left dorsal displacement of the large colon (LDDLC). Medical records from 37 horses with RDDLC and 48 horses with LDDLC were reviewed. Horses were included for study if the RDDLC or LDDLC was confirmed by exploratory laparotomy or postmortem examination and if a serum GGT measurement was obtained within 24 hours before surgery. The proportion of horses with GGT activity within or above the reference range was determined. Of 37 horses, 18 (49%; exact binomial 95% confidence interval, 32-66%) with RDDLC and, of 48 horses, 1 (2%; 95% CI, 0-11%) with LDDLC had GGT above the reference range. Horses with RDDLC had higher serum GGT than did horses with LDDLC. Of 37 horses, 36 (97%) with RDDLC were discharged with a good prognosis and none returned as a result of hepatic disease. Evaluation of surgical and postmortem examinations revealed that positioning of the colon in horses with RDDLC results in compression of the bile duct, which can cause extrahepatic bile duct obstruction and a subsequent elevation in serum GGT activity.     

The effect of cisterna chyli ablation combined with thoracic duct ligation on abdominal lymphatic drainage

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) and thoracic duct ligation (TDL) on abdominal lymphatic drainage in normal dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Nine female beagle dogs. METHODS: TDL was performed in 3 dogs and was combined with CCA (CCA-TDL) and local omentalization in 6 dogs. Contrast lymphangiography was attempted in all dogs immediately before and after TDL. Dogs were reanesthetized at 31-37 days for lymphatic studies by new methylene blue (NMB) injection into a mesenteric lymph node and by contrast lymphangiography. RESULTS: In 6 CCA-TDL dogs, 2 had direct shunting of contrast from the lymphatic system into major abdominal veins, 3 had contrast material that dissipated into abdominal vessels within the mesenteric root, and 1 had shunting into the azygous vein. NMB was not observed within the omental pedicle after CCA-TDL. Chylous drainage was by the azygous vein in all 3 TDL dogs. CONCLUSIONS: CCA-TDL disrupted chylous drainage to the thoracic duct and resulted in direct intraabdominal lymphaticovenous anastomoses identified by shunting of lymphatic flow directly into the abdominal vasculature in 5 of 6 CCA-TDL dogs. Omentalization of the cisternal ablation site was not beneficial in augmenting extrathoracic lymphatic drainage and is not recommended with CCA-TDL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CCA-TDL represents a novel approach to surgical redirection of chylous drainage to the venous circulation outside of the thorax and may be useful in the treatment of spontaneous chylothorax in the dog.     

水帘过滤负压抽风对兔舍小气候和家兔的影响

[目的]探讨水帘过滤负压纵向通风调节室内小气候的可行性,为标准化兔舍设计提供依据。[方法]选用水帘过滤负压抽风兔舍和室内放置轴流通风机兔舍各一栋,在开启有关设备时测定室内温度、湿度、氨气浓度、空气流速的变化,统计对比母兔的繁殖仔兔数、死亡数、投入产出指标。[结果]试验兔舍与对照兔舍的温度差异显著(P<0.05),氨气浓度差异极显著(P<0.01),母兔的繁殖率明显提高,死亡数、单位生产成本明显降低。[结论]水帘降温纵向抽风可以有效控制室内小气候,是一种能兼顾降温与通风且单位生产成本较低的方法,值得在南方兔舍设计中推广。     

多风道仓房储存偏高水分粮降水控温安全度夏试验

通过在高大平房仓原有6条通风道基础上增加4条地上竹笼风道,提高粮堆通风降温降水均匀性,夏季采用机械制冷合理控制粮堆温度,实现了偏高水分粮食安全储藏,为今后高水分粮安全储藏探索出一个有效方法。     

稻秸秆纤维与麻纤维混合非织造布性能的研究

提取稻秸秆纤维与麻纤维,利用针刺非织造布技术制造稻秸秆-麻混合非织造布,并研究新型非织造布性能,主要为农业材料用布(如草坪培养基等)提供实验与理论数据,并提高相关资源利用率。实验研究表明,不同稻秸秆纤维提取温度、稻秸秆-麻纤维混合比、粘合剂浓度下制成的非织造布性能不一。在各单因素试验的基础上,通过L9(33)正交试验分析,以非织造布的吸湿性和断裂强力为综合指标,选择稻秸秆纤维提取温度为90℃、稻秸秆和麻的纤维混合比为1:1、粘合剂浓度为8%为最佳工艺组合。     

60Co-γ射线诱变小麦品质突变体的筛选及分子标记检测

为了探索小麦品质性状的物理诱变效应,用300Gy的60Co-γ射线辐射小麦品种河科2号的干种子,对M3代234个株系的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、硬度和产量性状进行变异分析和SSR分子鉴定,以超过均值±2×标准差确定变异株系.结果表明,在M3代群体中,蛋白质含量有13个株系发生正向变异,5个株系发生负向变异;湿面筋含量有8个株系发生正向变异,3个株系发生负向变异;沉降值有6个株系发生正向变异,3个株系发生负向变异;硬度有2个株系发生正向变异,9个株系发生负向变异;产量有5个株系发生正向变异,4个株系发生负向变异.相关分析表明,M3群体蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值呈极显著正相关,表现出平行变异的趋势.初步筛选出蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量符合国家强筋小麦标准(蛋白质含量≥15％,湿面筋含量≥35％)的株系8个.经SSR分子标记检测,与控制小麦蛋白质含量的基因存在连锁的2个特异引物Xbarc164和Xgwm161在以上8个变异株系都呈现多态性标记,表明这些株系与蛋白质含量相关的基因可能发生了变异.     

Test Method of Indoor Noise for Micro-surfacing Mix

Micro-surfacing mix has been wildly used in the pavement maintenance for its water proofing, anti-skidding and wear resistance. However, micro-surfacing pavement has higher noise than the common asphalt pavement and its noise can not be measured effectively and accurately. Therefore, the indoor noise test method of micro-surfacing mix based on wet track abrasion test was explored. The micro-surfacing mix specimens were used to imitate the micro-surfacing pavement. The wet track abrasion tester was used to provide the vehicle loads. The sound level meter was used to measure the noise between tire and pavement. Furthermore, the indoor noise of nine kinds of micro-surfacing mixes with different gradation was examined. The results show that the equivalent sound level in the second time period has good relationship with the surface texture depth by sad patch method. Then the test method and test procedure for the indoor noise of micro-surfacing mix based on wet track abrasion test were given. Finally, two micro-surfacing mixtures with different gradations were made to validate the test method. The results show that the evaluation method can effectively distinguish the difference of micro-surfacing mixes with different gradation and can supplement the mix design method of micro-surfacing mixes.     

2004-2011年中国主产省小麦蛋白质品质分析

 【目的】分析2004—2011年来中国主产区小麦蛋白质品质检测数据,探讨小麦蛋白质品质年度和地区间变化规律。【方法】对2004—2011年分别来自冀、鲁、豫、苏、皖5个小麦主产省的4 235份小麦样品的籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力进行分析。【结果】2004—2011年,中国主产省小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量平均值变化不大,沉淀值呈明显下降趋势,表明近年来小麦内在品质变差;不同主产省之间小麦蛋白质含量差异较大,呈明显北高南低和东高西低趋势。【结论】近年来片面追求高产已影响了中国小麦的整体品质,致使强筋麦产区小麦面筋强度降低、弱筋麦产区小麦面筋增加。应根据各地区的不同条件发展适合本地区的高产优质小麦品种。