我国农业标准化发展面临的机遇、挑战及其战略思考

对我国现阶段农业标准化发展的意义、机遇、挑战和问题进行了系统分析,并提出了当前我国必须加快开展12大基础平台(思想意识平台、农业基础设施平台、生态环境平台、科学技术平台、资金投入平台、经营管理体制平台、农业标准体系平台、监测检测平台、市场平台、信息平台、推广服务平台、法律政策平台等)的建设等对策,以快速推动我国农业标准化的发展。     

论西南地区水果标准化生产

西南地区水果产业依靠其产地低廉的劳动力成本和水果低价倾销的数量优势已经不再被市场认可,必须进行标准化生产。本文探讨了水果产业标准化生产的含义与特征,以及西南地区水果产业实行标准化生产的若干措施。     

贵州优良草种苇状羊茅规范化栽培施肥试验

2003~2004年采用二次通用旋转组合设计研究了氮、磷、钾不同施用水平对苇状羊茅鲜草产量的影响,获得优化回归模型为y=3426．86 623．07x1 220．75x3;主效应分析表明,增施氮、钾肥的增产效果十分明显,而增施磷肥的作用很小。经模拟寻优,获得年产鲜草4 864kg／667m2的施肥方案为每667m2施纯N 50kg、纯K2O 55kg。     

Technology and Infrastructure Considerations for E-Commerce in Chinese Agriculture

Information technology （IT） was one of the most intensively studied and extensively applied technologies in the 20th century and its research and application will be even more accelerated in the 21st century. The impact of IT is more farreaching than any one may have had imagined, encompassing all facets and sectors of society. Economically, e-commerce generated more than $1.5 trillion in the US in 2004 and is projected to be 30, 15 and 2.6% of the total manufacturing, whole sales and retail sales in the US in 2006 respectively. IT research in agriculture has so far been particularly applied to such fields as precision farming and bioinformatics and in extension and farming practices. As such, its potential application in agricultural e-commerce has only begun to be explored. The United States Department of Agriculture has identified four different functions that e-commerce firms perform in the agricultural sector. They are： （1） information distribution, （2） input supply, （3） commodity trading floor, and （4） logistics/supply chain management. Unlike other industrial products, agricultural products are much more diverse and difficult to process and handle. For instance, fruits and vegetables are perishable and have to reach the market and the hands of consumers within a short period of time. One of the problems for IT applications in agriculture is the lack of standard measures in characteristics and quality of perishable produce and processing foods. Standards are pre-requisites for effective IT application and e-commerce. According to the Global Commerce Initiative, standards bring scalability, portability and affordability to the business process. Standards speed up the supply chain and reduce errors and protect technology investments and ensure system to system interaction and interoperability. Because the complexity of issues involved in standardization, the process of standardization must involve the input and discussion from all segments of the society. Being the largest agricultural country in the world and one of the most active trading partners in the international market, China must also be involved in determining the standards for both domestic and international trades. These measures are the necessary foundations for e-commerce in agriculture. In this paper, we provide a review of the technological development of standardization and coding that are prerequisites for IT application in e-commerce. This understanding is important for professionals in China to promote e- commerce in agriculture. Finally, we propose that a national committee to be formed in China, which includes IT experts from private sectors, academic professionals and governmental officials. This committee should consider the progress being made elsewhere in the world, the unique properties of Chinese commodities and appropriate business models to determine a set of standard measures that are transportable and communicable digitally in the world market for China＇s e- commerce in agriculture.     

科技期刊页码编排问题分析

参照国家现行的《科学技术期刊编辑格式》（GB/T 3179）,对我国公开出版的科技期刊页码编排规范情况进行了调查。结果发现少数期刊页码编排存在跳码、重码、漏码、错码、单双页码位置颠倒、加码和暗码太多等问题。建议载文短的科技期刊篇首页尽量不要采用暗码编排,以利发挥页码的功能、方便读者查阅和复制。     

‘仲秋红'油桃标准化关键技术研究

经过2004～2009年对'仲秋红'油桃标准化关键技术的试验研究,摸清了'仲秋红'油桃的植物学特性和生长结果规律,探索其配套栽培技术,制订出其标准化生产技术规程,编制了周年管理历,为今后进行产业化开发提供了技术保障.     

辣椒(红干椒)标准化栽培技术

虹干椒是我国第一大调味蔬菜.主要介绍辣椒的播种、育苗、定植、大田管理、采收等各个环节的标准化栽培技术.     

加快我国畜牧兽医标准化工作的思考

标准化是产业化的基础。畜牧业的标准化可使畜牧生产达到最优化状态,提高畜牧产品质量,实现畜牧业产业化。目前我国畜牧兽医标准化工作还是处于比较落后的位置。因此实现我国畜牧兽医标准化具有很重要的意义。该文介绍了我国畜牧兽医标准化的内容,实施畜牧兽医标准化的意义,以及实施畜牧兽医标准化应注意的问题和采取的有效措施,提出了做好标准化工作必须要抓好的十个方面的工作,以及重点环节。并对推进畜牧兽医标准化的动力进行分析,包括行政推动力、市场拉动力、示范带动力和社会促动力。     

中国农业循环经济标准体系构建与对策

农业循环经济标准体系构建是开展农业循环经济的基础性和统领性工作,目前中国在农业循环经济领域已积累了较多成功经验,但尚未建立完整的标准体系。该文剖析了中国农业循环经济标准体系构建所存在的核心问题,基于农业产业链和农产品生命周期视角,系统阐述了中国农业循环经济领域的标准体系构建过程、基本组成、结构维度(包含产业链维、产业维、层次维)、制定原则和结构框图,构建了包括基础、管理通用、产业链链接、方法与专用等4个层次的农业循环经济标准体系;最后详细解析了农业循环经济、生态农业及有机农业标准关系的关系;并根据中国循环农业产业发展的实际需求,按照轻重缓急原则提出亟需制定的相关标准建议,可为中国农业循环经济标准化、规范化发展提供理论依据。     

北京市红小豆标准化生产基地建设的思考

小豆是我国传统出口农产品 ,从近 10年日本进口不同国别的小豆数量和我国小豆生产形势显示 ,我国小豆生产将面临严峻挑战。国外商家、消费者以及生产者都急切希望小豆生产标准化。北京农学院和北京凯达恒业农业技术开发有限公司合作 ,走出了一条新路。以龙头企业带动 ,产学研相结合、产供销一条龙服务 ,与种植农户实行订单 ,在北京地区初步建成了具有一定规模的小豆标准化生产基地。实践表明 ,制定切实可行的绿色食品小豆标准化生产基地发展策略、采取全面落实标准化生产的具体措施 ,对能否建好基地起到决定性作用