人工降雨条件下不同坡度红壤坡面迳流泥沙变化特征研究

在人工模拟降雨强度为1.44 mm/min的条件下,研究了不同坡度(β)红壤近似裸地坡面迳流、泥沙的变化特征,研究结果表明:①地表迳流量随坡度的增大而迅速增加。②当β≤23°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度的增大而迅速增加;当25°≤β≤40°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度变化较小。③坡面土壤侵蚀的临界坡度则介于23°~25°之间。④坡度与侵蚀量关系可用函数表示为:S=199.1×L1.65×tan1.4β(0°≤β≤23°)。     

南岭不同林型土壤微生物数量特征分析

调查了南岭小坑森林公园4种典型林型针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、杉木林、毛竹林,并在不同林型采集土壤样本,分析该地区4种不同林型土壤微生物的种群分布情况.结果表明:(1)不同林型土壤微生物数量存在极显著差异(p<0.001),微生物总数平均值以针阔混交林最高,数量是(40.5±13.4)×105CFU.g-1,毛竹林[(27.9±8.1)×105CFU.g-1]和常绿阔叶林[(30.2±11.0)×105CFU.-g 1]次之,杉木林的数量最少[(17.9±5.8)×105CFU.g-1];(2)不同林型土壤微生物中,各类微生物组成比例不尽相同.从总体来看,以细菌占绝大多数(平均为74.6%),其次是放线菌(平均为13.9%),真菌较少(平均为11.5%);(3)同一林型在不同时间条件下,各种土壤微生物的数量与其占微生物总数的比例均呈现出明显动态变化特征.     

对朗乡林区土壤的评价和合理利用的建议

对朗乡林区所拥有的各类土壤进行评价并提出合理利用的建议。     

土壤与植物根际磷的有效性研究

本文论述了影响土壤与植物根际磷的有效性的因素有其机理，为合理分配和施用磷肥提供了科学依据。     

华北平原缺水城市植被建设的应对策略浅析——以河北平原为例

华北平原属干旱与半干旱缺水地区,城市植被建设在定位、水资源分配、循环与再利用等方面存在诸多问题,表现为:人工植被多为“耗水型绿色拼盘”、植源性污染日趋加重、城市枯枝落叶层的清除、城市湿地生态系统建设的忽略、大量硬化地面导致大气降水利用率低等。建议:城市植被建设应重视城市森林、湿地生态系统的恢复与建设,结合城市环境工程建设,提高大气降水利用率和节水治污等措施,促进城市建设的可持续发展。     

北京城市行道树衰弱原因分析

为了探寻行道树衰弱的原因,为其治理提供依据,作者从行道树周围存在的市政基础设施和施工对行道树的影响、土壤问题、水分胁迫三个方面进行了论述,认为导致行道树衰弱的主要原因是以上的一个或多个因素综合作用的结果。     

Forest soils research and changing societal needs and values

The 10th North American Forest Soils Conference was held in Sault Ste. Marie, Canada, 20–24 July 2003. These conferences, held at 5-year intervals since 1958, are intended to provide a forum to discuss and summarize the state of knowledge on selected topics related to forest soils. Approximately 60 papers were presented on a variety of topics related to understanding and managing soils that support forests with particular emphasis given to field research, soil carbon, and site management/classification. We discuss the topics of this conference in relation to earlier ones and conclude that advances are made unevenly and that there is a need for new approaches to investigating many of the topics. We note the change in forest management that has occurred since the first of these conferences and the resulting changes needed in our approach to research and management. The need for interaction of scientists and clientele groups is noted as necessary for development of sound management and research policy. The interaction of scientific disciplines is needed to attack problems that have been difficult to elucidate. The challenge to forest soil scientists is to mesh their scientific interests with the needs of society to obtain the resources needed to advance science and provide information that will improve forest management.     

城市地区水土流失指标探讨

依据城市森林和城市水土流失的特点，本文提出考查城市水流失率、水土流失率的指标。并对北京、伦敦等城市和河南长江流域山区水土保持林的水流失率进行了计算比较，结果表明水流失率、水土流失率是考察城市地区和一般林地水土流失的较好指标。     

黑琥珀李株和冠幅与土壤养分相关的研究

应用逐步回归和通径分析，对土壤养分与黑琥珀李株产和冠幅增长的相关关系进行了研究，结果表明，土壤的机质，水解氮，速效磷和速效钾4个养分因子对黑琥珀李株产和冠幅的增长都有着显著和极显著的相关关系，其中以速效磷对产量和冠幅的增长作用最为显著，并且4种土壤养分因子之间存在着相互关联，互为作用的关系，因此，旋肥时应各种营养元素综合考虑，不能偏施。     

Management effects on carbon stocks and fluxes across the Orinoco savannas

Across the physiognomic types of the Orinoco llanos, periodic inventories and changes in land-use between 1982–1992 are estimated. Results indicate that the area under pastures and forest plantations is increased by 0.005337×10⁶ km², whilts reducing the area of croplands by 0.000119×10⁶ km². This is a net increase of 0.005218×10⁶ km². The gross carbon release is 174.66 Tg C per year to the atmosphere and transferring from cultivated and native vegetation to wood products (1.62 Tg C per year) and slash (1.18 Tg C per year). The processes of land preparation contribute 1.40 Tg C per year to the atmosphere. From the tree savannas, woodlands and forests 0.73 Tg C per year are estimated to have been transferred to the soil following clearance and burning over this period, and 1.05 Tg C per year from herbaceous savannas when were buried and decomposed at 0.84 Tg C per year. The estimate of carbon balance here by inventories and changes in land-use approach indicates that the Orinoco llanos is a sink of −17.53 Tg C per year. The carbon turnover time in the Orinoco system is 68 years, which provides a limited route for carbon sequestration. The calculated potential of the Orinoco llanos for storing carbon is 8300 Tg C. Ecological options to achieve this potential value are addressed. However, nutrient deficiency and seasonal water supply are serious drawbacks to take into account for increasing carbon accretion. These results are particular for the Orinoco llanos, even though described processes could be similar to world-wide savannas, where a gradient of carbon heterogeneity exists.