包装原粮磷化铝缓释熏蒸技术探讨

对聚氯乙烯薄膜六面密封的袋装小麦和稻谷进行磷化铝缓释熏蒸试验。采用三种厚度的聚乙烯缓释袋和三种剂量的磷化铝分别时对小麦和稻谷进行熏蒸，结果表明，对袋装小麦采用磷化铝２～３ｇ／ｍ＾２的剂量，０．０３ｍｍ厚聚乙烯袋缓释熏蒸，可使粮食一年基本无虫，对稻谷采用磷化铝５ｇ／ｍ＾３的剂量，０．０３ｍｍ，０．０４ｍｍ聚乙烯袋缓释熏蒸均可使粮食一年基本无虫。     

Transient Response of the Rotor System with Nonlinear Flexible Supports

The effect of the rotor system with nonlinear flexible supports passing through the resonance area is studied,when the system is at the transient process of starting or breaking.The stiffness with hard nonlinear feature can cause the critical speed and the maximum amplitude of the transient processes increase.It is no benefit for the rotor system to pass through the resonance area rapidly.The effect of the transient acceleration on the maximum amplitude of the transient processes has also been researched in the paper.At last the rotor system with slow changing stiffness has been analyzed.     

尿素及其缓释产品在反刍动物上的应用

本文综述了尿素和尿素缓释产品的营养特性及其在反刍动物上的应用。     

吡喹酮缓释剂防制牛血吸虫病试验

应用吡喹酮缓释剂肌注(每mL含吡喹酮357mg)与吡喹酮粉剂口服分别对我省大邑、旌阳、芦山等县查出的84头血吸虫病病牛进行了治疗和观察.吡喹酮缓释剂组34头,共分为4组,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组,分别肌注15mL/头(共9头),20mL/头(共8头),25mL/头(共9头)及0.05mL/kg体重.粉剂口服组15头,水牛按25mg/kg体重,黄牛按30mg/kg体重;对照组35头,不用药物治疗.试验结果表明:缓释剂组可在3个月内有效地控制牛血吸虫病的重复感染.     

Investigations on the Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle in Dar es Salaam Region and in Zebu Cattle in Lugoba Area,Tanzania

A study between August 1995 and December 1997 included 343 dairy cattle on 20 farms in the Dar es Salaam region and 2289 zebu cattle on 39 bomas in the Lugoba area (coast region). The aim was to establish the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) and bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus). In the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT), 0.9% (3/343) of the animals in Dar es Salaam tested positive and 1.2% (4/343) were doubtful. Positive reactors were found in 10% (2/20) of the farms. In the Lugoba area, 0.6% (14/2206) were positive and 6.8% (149/2206) doubtful, positive cases being found in 21% (8/39) of all bomas. In the slow agglutination test (SAT) for B. abortus, 14.1% (48/341) of the serum samples reacted positively in Dar es Salaam and 2.3% (8/341) were doubtful. Positive SAT reactors were identified on 25% (5/20) of the dairy cattle farms. In the Lugoba area, 12.3% (273/2221) proved to be positive SAT reactors and doubtful reactions were observed in 2.9% (64/2221). SAT-positive animals were detected on 87% (34/39) of all bomas. The prevalence in single herds in Dar es Salaam varied from 4.3% to 5.3% for the SIT and from 2.2% to 50% for the SAT. The prevalence in single herds in Lugoba area was between 1.1% and 2.9% for SIT and from 1.4% up to 62.1% for SAT. The two cattle populations differed significantly (p<0.001) in the prevalence of both bovine tuberculosis and bovine brucellosis. Two cows that were positive reactors were slaughtered and subjected to post-mortem examination, and organ samples were bacteriologically cultured. The occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in both cows.     

缓释肥条件间歇灌溉对水稻氮素分配及产量的影响

为探明缓释肥间歇灌条件对水稻氮素分配及产量的影响,于2020年开展了不同水肥处理水稻种植的测坑试验,分析了黄熟期植株地上各部分干物质质量及吸氮量,产量及其构成因子.结果表明:间歇灌溉能够促进水稻植株的干物质积累,干物质总量从大到小依次为:W2F2>W2F1>W1F1>W1F2(W1-淹灌,W2-间歇灌溉,F1-常规肥,...     

不同粒径生物炭包膜尿素缓释肥性能及缓释效果

为探究生物炭粉包膜处理对尿素缓释效果的影响,该研究以不同粒径稻壳生物炭粉为包膜材料,对尿素颗粒进行不同层数包膜处理,分别制备了3种生物炭包膜尿素缓释肥C_1(0.15 mm生物炭粉包膜)、C_2(内层0.15 mm,外层0.25 mm生物炭粉包膜)和C_3(内层0.15 mm,中层0.25 mm,外层0.425 mm生物炭粉包膜),并对生物炭包膜尿素缓释肥性能及缓释效果进行了分析研究。研究结果表明3种生物炭包膜缓释肥粒径主要分布在2.90～4.80 mm,随着包膜层数的增加,包膜缓释肥粒径随之增大,C_2和C_3粒径显著高于C_1(P0.05)。C_1、C_2和C_3的抗压强度为20.40～48.00 N,满足工业生产需求。与C_1和C_2相比,C_3颗粒表面较光滑,切面具有致密且孔隙结构丰富的层状结构,吸水倍率最小(1.69),耐水性也显著优于C_1与C_2(P0.05),氮元素缓释效果优于C_1与C_2。综上可以看出,3层包膜尿素缓释肥膜壳强度高于单层和双层包膜尿素缓释肥,通过控制不同膜层生物炭的孔隙结构和孔径,减缓水分的渗入及养分的流出过程,缓释效果突出,为生物炭包膜缓释肥的开发应用提供一个新技术路径。     

缓/控释肥料类型及质量评价方法

缓/控释肥料具有减少养分淋失、挥发损失,提高肥料利用率等诸多优点,近年来在国内发展尤其迅速,是今后肥料发展的主要方向之一。介绍缓/控释肥料的概念、分类和质量评价方法,并对今后的研究方向进行展望。     

缓/控释肥侧条施用对水稻产量与农学性状的影响

为了探讨缓/控释肥侧条施用技术在宁夏引黄灌区水稻上的应用效果,通过田间试验研究了不施肥(CK)、自研制水稻缓释复合肥(SRF1)、商品铁杆缓释复合肥(SRF2)、自研制水稻控释掺混肥(BB1)、商品掺混肥(BB2)和农民习惯(CON)6个施肥处理对水稻产量和农学性状的影响,并评价了其氮肥生产效率。结果表明:不同施肥处理下水稻籽粒产量为6622~10761 kg/hm2,收获指数为0.42~0.54,分别以BB1和BB2处理最高。与CON处理相比,缓/控释肥侧条施用可使水稻显著增产15.7%~18.0%(SRF2处理除外),空秕率降低0.5%~3.2%,同时提高了株高、穗长和穗粒数。缓/控释肥侧条施用下氮肥农学效率为15.6~18.4 kg/kg,氮肥偏生产力为45.0~47.8 kg/kg,分别显著高于CON处理的6.7 kg/kg和24.3 kg/kg。因此,缓/控释肥侧条施用能够改善水稻农学性状,提高其籽粒产量和肥料生产效率,值得在宁夏引黄灌区水稻种植上大面积推广应用。     

缓释型油菜专用配方肥在直播油菜生产上的应用研究

在湘东地区的直播油菜生产中引进新型缓释型油菜专用配方肥"宜施壮",对其在直播油菜生产上的应用效果进行了研究。结果表明,施用缓释型油菜专用配方肥,避免了普通一次性施肥因肥料流失而导致的油菜后期早衰,且对促进冬前绿叶数的增加,延长角果表层叶绿素的光合寿命效果明显,增产效果显著,且投入产出比高,在省工、节本、增产等方面存在着一定的优势。