中国北方地区双孢蘑菇栽培新技术

针对双孢蘑菇栽培周期长、原料日趋紧张、劳动成本高、产量低等问题,开展新型菇房、配方、覆土技术、发酵技术试验示范。结果表明,新型菇房可用于周年生产;新型玉米芯配方,一次发酵时间分别比对照缩短4 d和6 d,产量达到到10.29 kg·m-2,在5%水平上差异显著,每平方米的成本由3元下降为0.4元;新型覆土配方,产量比黄土高37.33 kg,比草炭土产量高41.17 kg,在5%水平上差异显著。     

甘南高寒草甸草原不同海拔土壤理化性质分析

对甘肃夏河高寒草甸不同海拔梯度的土壤理化性质分异规律进行了研究,以期探究土壤理化性质与海拔之间的关系。结果表明:除0~10cm土层电导率外,其余各土层土壤理化指标均与海拔呈显著相关(P0.05),其中,含水量、有机质含量均随海拔升高而升高,且随土壤深度增加而降低;pH随海拔升高呈先降低后升高的势态;0~10cm表层土壤全氮含量随海拔升高显著增加(P0.05),10~30cm土层全氮含量随海拔的升高先缓慢下降后平缓上升。因此,对于该区域草甸生态系统的管理与利用,不但考虑植被类型及状况,也需关注不同海拔梯度的草地土壤理化特性。     

宁夏干旱风沙区5种灌木保水剂造林试验与饲用价值研究

选择红柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)5种宁夏干旱风沙区的主要造林灌木,采用法国SNF(爱森)保水剂和北京"清华绿宝"高效抗旱保水剂,通过蘸根法进行田间造林种植试验,以筛选出在干旱条件下提高苗木成活率的最佳方法,并对5种灌木的粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)、全量钙和全量磷的含量进行了测定。试验结果表明,使用SNF保水剂蘸根处理的成活率为39.60%,与CK相比提高了79.27%,与"清华绿宝"保水剂相比提高了44.90%。采用SNF保水剂蘸根处理,不仅可以提高造林成活率还可以节省保水剂用量,操作简单,适宜大面积的造林推广。5种灌木的粗蛋白与纤维比顺序为:柠条(0.46)紫穗槐(0.35)梭梭(0.24)花棒(0.22)红柳(0.17)。柠条、紫穗槐、梭梭都是优质的饲料资源。     

Bottom soil quality in Tilapia ponds of different age in Thailand

Bottom soil samples were collected from 35 ponds in the vicinity of Samutprakarn, Thailand. Ponds ranged in age from 3 to 39 years and had been used continuously for production of tilapia. Liming materials had been applied in large amounts, and bottom soils of all ponds had pH above 7, low exchange acidity, and free carbonate. Pond soils often contained between 1% and 2% total sulphur, suggesting that they were potential acid–sulphate soils. However, acidity from sulphide oxidation was not expressed because carbonate in the soil neutralized it. Concentrations of total carbon seldom exceeded 4% and the average for organic carbon was 1.90%. The correlations between pond age and both total carbon and organic carbon concentration were weak (r=0.34 and 0.36 respectively). Concentrations of nitrogen in bottom soils did not differ with pond age and ranged from 0.1% to 0.3% with an average of 0.19%. The average ratio of concentrations of carbon and nitrogen was 11. Acid‐extractable phosphorus concentrations averaged 217 mg kg^?1, but the phosphorus adsorption capacity averaged 768 mg kg^?1 suggesting that soils still have considerable reserve capacity to adsorb phosphorus. Ponds can be used annually for semi‐intensive production of tilapia, and presumably other species, for many years without serious deterioration of bottom soil quality.     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯市公园绿地土壤肥力调查与评价

通过土壤样品采集和实验室分析,系统研究鄂尔多斯市公园绿地土壤的化学特性及养分丰缺状况,包括pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷以及有效氮、磷、钾,分析养分因子之间的相关性,评价公园绿地土壤的肥力状况,揭示出鄂尔多斯市公园绿地土壤存在的问题：土壤pH值偏高,其中85.7%的土壤呈强碱性,其余呈碱性;多数土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量处于缺乏及以下水平;土壤pH值与有机质、速效钾分别显著和极显著负相关;有机质与其他养分因子之间均极显著相关。     

河套灌区畦田内不同位置土壤入渗特性及影响因素分析

为明确河套灌区畦田田块不同位置土壤的入渗特性,通过野外试验和室内检测对试验区田块不同位置土壤理化性质和入渗过程进行分析,并基于土壤入渗模型对试验区田块不同位置的土壤入渗过程进行拟合,同时探讨影响土壤入渗过程的影响因素.研究结果表明:试验区田块内不同位置土壤理化性质及入渗特性具有一定差异性且不同位置土壤入渗特性与土壤理化...     

Changes in soil organic carbon in a clay loam soil following ploughing and reseeding of permanent grassland under temperate moist climatic conditions

This study investigated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in a poorly drained clay loam soil under (i) permanent grassland (PG) over 7 years and (ii) after PG renovation over 2·5 years. The experimental area was divided into four blocks with four paddocks per block. Composite soil samples from each PG block were taken to 30‐cm depth on five occasions between 2004 and 2011. In June 2008, one paddock per block was renovated by ploughing and reseeding and sampled as above on the latter four occasions. Renovation decreased SOC (P < 0·05) by 32·2 t ha^?1 in the 2·5 years following ploughing; the difference developed almost entirely (86%) in the first four months. Renovation had no effect on above‐ground productivity, standing root and stubble phytomass or on dissolved organic matter leaching. Therefore, soil respiration was considered to be a single potential pathway responsible for the SOC loss from renovated grassland. Although a simple linear regression indicated a tendency for PG to accumulate SOC, there was no evidence of recovery in SOC to previous levels following renovation during the study period. These results could have implications for greenhouse gas inventories in countries where PG is an important land‐use type.     

集约化种植砖红壤养分变化分析

调查分析位于广东省湛江农垦属下华海公司、南华农场、红星农场、丰收公司、广前公司、五一农场、湖光农场和友好农场等8个单位1 918个土样的养分状况,与第二次土壤普查比较,对比集约化种植后砖红壤肥力变化。结果发现：pH呈下降趋势,即有土壤酸化特征;土壤有机质含量总体呈现较高水平,但也呈现下降趋势;土壤全氮总体仍处于中等偏上水平;土壤有效磷含量明显提高,总体处于良好水平;土壤速效钾含量有很大程度增加,但仍处于中等水平。     

不同前茬作物对星油藤土壤肥力的影响

为探讨不同前茬作物对星油藤土壤肥力的影响,在云南省西双版纳普文镇开展了5种不同前茬作物(茶树-星油藤、水稻-星油藤、香蕉-星油藤、玉米-星油藤、空地-星油藤)对星油藤根际和非根际土壤pH值、土壤电导率、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾及微量元素的影响研究(以空地-星油藤为对照)。结果表明:不同前茬作物对星油藤根际与非根际土壤pH、电导率与空地土壤pH、电导率均呈显著差异。微量元素全锰、全铁、全锌和全铜的含量低于世界和全国土壤平均水平,重金属元素全锌和全铜单项污染值小于1。以土壤中的有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾的含量综合评价不同前茬作物对星油藤的土壤肥力水平依次为:玉米-星油藤茶树-星油藤香蕉-星油藤水稻-星油藤空地-星油藤。综合考虑,以前茬作物为玉米和茶树的星油藤土壤肥力较好。     

全周期种植模式胶园土壤养分和微生物量碳分布特性

通过监测传统胶园与全周期种植模式胶园土壤的养分差异,探讨全周期种植方式对胶园土壤养分的影响。结果表明,传统胶园内离树越近的位点,土壤养分含量和微生物量碳越低;除速效磷外,全周期胶园内离树越近的位点,土壤养分含量和微生物量碳越高。总体而言,全周期胶园土壤全氮、无机氮和微生物量碳低于传统胶园,但均没有达到显著差异,而其土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量高于传统胶园,其中速效磷含量达显著差异(P＜0.05)。与传统胶园相比,全周期种植模式主要影响土壤养分和微生物量碳的分布特征,其中土壤速效磷和速效钾含量亦相对较高,其他指标变化较小。