黄家湾垃圾填埋场终场覆盖方案及雨污分流系统设计

指出了垃圾填埋场终场覆盖和雨污分流系统的科学设计是防止其潜在危害的有力保证。以宜昌市黄家湾垃圾填埋场为例,结合实际运营中情况及特点,分析了其终场覆盖系统的结构及组成,依照相应国家规范提出了黄家湾终场覆盖系统方案,同时通过预测封场后的地形,结合填埋场现有的雨污分流措施及已有的雨污分流经验,设计了填埋场封场后的雨污分流系统。     

陕西小秦岭岩浆岩地球物理特征

根据不同类型岩浆岩的岩石密度、磁性的不同,通过应用RGIS软件和Surfer软件对重磁异常分离、延拓、求导及重、磁特征信息的复合处理等,研究了小秦岭岩浆岩地球物理特征,结果表明：重磁反映岩浆岩带所处的构造单元部位、岩浆系列特征以及与矿带的时空关系,由此可将小秦岭划分为4段不同的岩性岩浆岩。     

Nearshore fish assemblages associated with introduced predatory fishes in lakes

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The U.S. Wholesale Market for Marine Ornamentals

The market for marine ornamentals encompasses all live marine species (fish and invertebrates) destined for the aquarium trade. In 1998, U.S. imports and exports were valued at approximately US $1.5 billion at the border (all dollar values cited in this paper are $US). In Florida, cultured freshwater and collected saltwater species accounted for $70 million and $4 million, respectively, in annual dockside revenue. To help explain Florida's marine landings and provide suggestions for future resource management and market campaigns that reflect the perceptions of the industry, a survey of wholesalers was initiated in 1999. Preliminary results indicate that there are several intermediate wholesale markets. Florida firms are closer to the supply as many also collect. Wholesalers in other states handle more freshwater product, are larger, and tend to import a larger share of their inventory. Consolidation is expected to continue, but niche markets for eco-friendly firms are expected to grow. In Florida, marketing strategies should focus on the observed higher survival rates and increasing supply of the popular invertebrate species. Many wholesalers are concerned about additional regulations that could reduce the number of collectors and thereby increase supply variability, a noted weakness of the Florida industry.     

Digital mapping of soil carbon sequestration potential with enhanced vegetation cover over New South Wales,Australia

Digital soil maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential resulting from a hypothetical 10% relative increase in long-term vegetation cover are presented at 100-m resolution across the state of New South Wales (NSW) in southeast Australia. This land management outcome is considered realistically achievable for many land managers, using strategies such as revegetation, grazing management or crop residue management. A mean state-wide potential increase of 5.4 Mg ha⁻¹ over the 0- to 30-cm depth interval was derived. Assuming a 20-year period of re-equilibration, this equates to an average SOC increase of 0.27 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Sequestration potential is systematically influenced by a combination of climate, soil parent material and current vegetation cover, for example only 1.6 Mg ha⁻¹ SOC under dry conditions in sandy, infertile soil material with sparse vegetation cover, compared with 15.9 Mg ha⁻¹ under wet conditions in clay-rich, fertile soil material with moderate–high vegetation cover. The outputs could be used to identify locations of highest sequestration potential and thereby help prioritize areas and inform decisions on sequestration programmes. Future application of the method at field scale with high levels of accuracy, together with strategic sampling, may provide statistically reliable estimates of carbon sequestration, for application in carbon trading schemes such as Australia's Emissions Reduction Fund. The modelling involved a conceptually transparent ‘space-for-time substitution’ process. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) modelling techniques were applied, but only MLR gave consistently meaningful results. The apparent failing of RF in this application warrants further examination.     

绿肥填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤物理性质的影响

[目的]探讨绿肥填闲种植对旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤物理性质的影响,为其在黄土高原旱作农业区的推广提供科学依据。[方法]基于4 a田间定位试验,研究了夏闲期种植长武怀豆、苏丹草、怀豆/苏丹草混播以及裸地休闲(CK)对旱作冬小麦收获期农田耕层(0—20 cm)土壤容重、孔隙度、持水量和团聚体的影响。[结果]在0—10 cm土层,与CK相比,苏丹草和混播处理显著降低了土壤容重,怀豆,苏丹草和混播处理显著提高了土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、大团聚体(>5 mm)所占比例和团聚体平均重量直径(MWD);在10—20 cm土层,苏丹草处理大团聚体所占比例和MWD均显著高于CK。土壤容重与土壤有机碳含量呈显著负相关,毛管孔隙度和团聚体平均重量与绿肥生物量呈显著正相关,而土壤总孔隙度、饱和持水量和毛管持水量与绿肥生物量和土壤有机碳均呈显著正相关。[结论]在黄土高原地区,夏闲期单播种植长武怀豆、苏丹草及混播均能显著改善耕层土壤物理性质,综合来看,苏丹草单播的效果优于长武怀豆单播和二者混播。     

双膜双被装配式日光温室在郑州地区的小气候测试

2020年11月1日-2021年2月28日,在河南郑州地区对冬春季双膜双被装配式日光温室内外温度、光照和湿度小气候进行测定,以探明其温光性能。在温室内外分别布置环境自动记录仪,每台记录仪均连接温湿度传感器和光照传感器,实现数据的自动监测与传输。结果表明：观测期内,温室内旬平均气温为11.4～21.4℃,旬平均最低气温为9.4～16.7℃;温室内0.1m深处旬平均土壤温度为15.4～22.9℃,旬平均最低土壤温度为15.0～22.1℃,温室内外最大气温差和土温差分别为17.0℃和15.6℃。全年最冷时段（1月上旬）温室外旬平均最低气温为−7.9℃,0.1m处土壤温度旬平均最低值为2.2℃,而此时段温室内旬平均最低气温和0.1m处土壤温度旬平均最低值分别达到9.9℃和15.8℃。11月−翌年2月,温室内光照度逐渐增大,晴天光照度在2000～22000lx,11月、12月、1月和2月晴天日平均透光率分别为42%、52%、49%和45%,12月透光率最高,不同月份透光率存在明显差异;阴天温室光照度在300～4000lx,各月阴天日平均透光率分别为34%、35%、36%和33%,透光率差异不明显。11月下旬−1月下旬,温室内夜间湿度为95.4%～99.0%,夜间叶片沾湿时长占比为89.1%～99.5%,温室内湿度大。观测结果说明双膜双被结构日光温室在黄淮地区冬春季具有较好的保温性能,有利于进行喜温果菜类的越冬生产,具有一定的推广应用价值,但是存在温室透光率偏低、光照弱等问题。     

延河流域土地利用空间格局模拟对比研究

为探究延河流域土地利用演变规律及未来空间格局分布,基于延河流域1986年、2000年和2010年3期土地利用数据,利用土地利用空间转移动态图及土地利用转移面积矩阵等方法,分析了延河流域1986—2010年土地利用/覆被变化的时空规律; 运用Logistic-CA-Markov模型和MCE-CA-Markov模型分别预测了2030年延河流域土地利用空间格局,并对模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:延河流域1986—2010年耕地降幅最为明显,减少了557.10 km²,主要转为草地、林地和建设用地; 林地和草地面积持续增加,建设用地扩张迅速,分别增加了378.34,136.97,48.17 km²,水域及未利用地面积总体变化不大,生态恢复政策是影响延河流域土地利用变化的主要因子。Logistic-CA-Markov预测得到的2030年延河流域耕地和草地减少明显,建设用地和林地则增幅较大,流域经济发展需求较高,这种情况下应准确把握地区经济发展与资源利用的关系,根据区域特点因地制宜制定适合当地发展的政策。而MCE-CA-Markov预测得到的2030年延河流域耕地、林地、水域及建设用地均有增加,且耕地增幅最明显,这种利用结构表明流域经济发展相对较缓,实现了对流域环境的保护,但应积极探索土地利用新结构,最大限度发挥资源优势,从而实现流域经济与环境的可持续性发展。     

地被植物在宁南山区城镇绿化中的应用探讨

在宁南山区城镇园林绿化中引进地被植物并应用推广,阐述了地被植物的特点和分类,提出了地被植物的应用范围和选择标准,为地被植物在宁南山区园林绿化应用提供参考。     

近10 a黄河三角洲LUCC及其驱动因素分析

研究滨海脆弱生态区的土地利用/土地覆被时空变化过程,可以为区域土地资源的规划、开发和管理提供科学依据。该文应用遥感和GIS技术,分析黄河三角洲区域1995－2004年间土地利用/土地覆被的时空变化特征,并对区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的驱动因子进行了探讨。结果表明,近10 a来黄河三角洲的土地利用/土地覆被类型发生了复杂变化;黄河三角洲土地利用/土地覆被动态受到自然因素和人类活动的共同作用,而人类活动是近10 a区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的主要驱动因子。尽管近年来黄河三角洲的开发取得了快速发展,但部分人类经济活动给区域土地资源及其生态环境的可持续发展带来巨大压力,甚至导致区域土地质量的进一步退化。