三轴车辆全轮转向操纵稳定性仿真分析

建立并分析了某三轴车辆全轮转向二自由度模型及其运动微分方程,分析了整车在质心零侧偏角比例控制策略下的转向中心位置以及2、3轴转角比例系数与车速的关系,分析了整车的稳态横摆角速度增益。建立了三轴车动力学仿真模型,结合控制策略对比仿真了2WS车和6WS车在不同车速下的瞬态响应。分析结果表明,采用质心零侧偏角比例控制策略有利于提高三轴车低速转向时的机动性和高速转向时的操纵稳定性。     

Farmers' irrigation practices in a high rainfall area

Recent droughts in the humid southeastern United States have focused attention on the need for and use of supplemental irrigation. Total annual rainfall amounts are sufficient for most crops in the region. However, erratic distribution of rainfall and the low water-holding capacities of most soils in the region cause frequent drought stresses in many crops. An on-farm study was conducted in southeastern Alabama to evaluate the effects of farmers' irrigation scheduling decisions on soil moisture variations in peanut fields irrigated with center-pivot irrigation systems. The study showed that the way irrigation was practiced in this high rainfall area often caused soil moisture deficit (SMD) level higher than the desired SMD limit during over 20% of the 140-day growing season. This is partially due to farmers' tendency to delay irrigation in anticipation of rainfall which may or may not occur, as rainfall during the growing season is often erratic and local. In contrast SMD in non-irrigated fields was higher than the SMD limit for half of the growing season.Abbreviations SMD soil moisture deficit - ET evapotranspiration - R_eff effective rainfall - WHC water holding capacity     

河套灌区灌溉制度研究

根据河套灌区的气象、土壤、灌水等资料,利用ISAREG模型模拟了4种主要作物充分灌溉和非充分灌溉2种灌溉制度方案。根据模型的优化模拟结果分析,在作物产量比率仅略有下降的情况下,作物实施非充分灌溉将减少灌水次数和灌溉定额(平均下降45 mm),建议灌区把作物实施非充分灌溉作为一种节水措施之一。     

行星摆线针轮减速机构的动力学虚拟仿真

以UG、ADAMS等三维造型及运动学、动力学分析软件为平台，利用虚拟设计技术建立了行星摆线针轮减速机构的动力学虚拟样机模型。探讨了行星摆线针轮减速机物理约束机制的实现方法，建立了虚拟样机系统的力学模型，验证了样机的动态干涉情况，并对摆线针轮减速机构进行了动力学仿真分析，最后还进行了柱销与输出轴作用力的虚拟实验分析。仿真分析结果表明，提出的摆线针轮减速机虚拟样机建模正确，有较好的可靠性和实用价值。     

华北冬小麦-夏玉米农田水分动态模拟研究

冬小麦-夏玉米连作是华北地区主要的粮食作物种植模式。根据华北季节性冻土区的特点,将全年划分为作物生长期与越冬期,分别建立了作物生长条件下农田水分运移模型、冻融条件下土壤水热运移模型。前一模型主要包括参照腾发量计算、腾发量分配、作物根系吸水、土壤表面蒸发、土壤水分特征参数和土壤水分运动等子模型;后一模型主要包括冻土水热耦舍迁移、地气水热交换等子模型。应用以上模型对冬小麦-夏玉米连作条件下的土壤水分过程进行模拟,根据北京永乐店试验资料对模型进行检验。模拟了不同降水水平年、不同灌溉处理下的农田灌溉制度及土壤水分过程,分析了降水、灌溉对农田蒸散、土壤水利用、深层渗漏等的影响。     

离心泵叶轮内变工况三维湍流数值模拟

采用工程上广泛使用的标准k—ε两方程湍流模型，对离心泵最佳工况和大流量工况、小流量工况进行了叶轮内部流动的数值模拟，对3种工况下叶轮内的相对流动、径向流动及切向流动进行了分析，探讨了轴向旋涡的特征、叶片流道的挟持约束作用、叶片流道内的压力分布与流量的关系等流动特性。     

直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻成形过程数值模拟分析

对直齿圆柱齿轮冷精锻成形过程进行了三维大变形弹塑性有限元数值模拟。对闭式模锻预锻及以闭式模锻、孔分流及约束分流为终锻的两步成形过程的流动情况进行了数值分析。数值模拟结果及前期的工艺试验表明：终锻中采取分流、尤其是约束孔分流措施对于降低工作载荷、提高角隅充填能力十分有利，采用矩阵变换技术解决因引入边界摩擦及滑动约束带来的刚度阵非对称问题较为简单、合理、有效。     

松软地面机器系统研究进展

松软地面机器系统的理论研究,对农业、林业、矿业和军事等领域作业机械的发展具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。本文总结了松软地面机器系统基础理论,以及松软干沙地面轮壤关系最新研究进展;从土壤动物形态、结构和柔性方面阐述仿生脱附减阻机理,综述了地面机械触土部件的仿生理论基础;概括了用于地面力学特性测试的技术方法和地面机器系统研究的土槽测试系统;分析归纳了数值模拟方法在地面机器系统研究中的进展;进而对松软地面机器系统理论方法在触土部件和车辆行走机构中的应用研究进行了展望。     

汽车动力总成液压悬置元件特性研究

液压悬置具有低频大阻尼、高刚度等特点，可以有效隔离和衰减发动机的怠速振动，降低车内噪声，提高乘坐舒适性。为此，应用流体一结构耦合理论的方法建立了某车动力总成悬置系统的动力学分析模型，并运用Adams软件对其动特性进行了仿真。仿真结果与已知实验数据基本吻合，从而证明了该模型建立的正确性。     

Case study on an integrated operation planning of multiple reservoirs for irrigation in Japan

In spite of several attempts at integrated operation planning, multiple reservoirs in Japan have been operated by trial and error without any formal rules. Subjects of integrated operation are not only showing optimal usage of daily storage levels as an operational policy but also providing a countermeasure for droughts.Objectives of this study are to make a formal operation rule of multiple reservoirs for irrigation using the theory of Required Storage for Drought Curve (RSDC) Method and to propose operational policy for multiple reservoirs as large water supply systems. The Iwaki river basin, on which there are four reservoirs for irrigation parallel with each other, is considered to be a model river basin with a large water system for this case study.From results of simulations using historical data, comparing an individual operation rule with an integrated operation rule on several indices, effectiveness of the latter rule is recognized. Under integrated operation, water losses are minimized and excessive water conservation can be avoided over the whole area to benefit while target river discharge is maintained at key control points because water usage from all reservoirs is well balanced in relation to water availability.