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81.
利用高分子化学材料改善地表结构进行化学固沙,是防治风蚀的重要措施之一。为寻找有效的高分子化学材料防治黄土高原北部水蚀风蚀交错区风积沙及沙黄土风蚀,将不同剂量(0(喷清水为对照)、0.4、0.6及1.2 g/m~2)的4种高分子化学材料聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide,PAM)、阳离子羟丙基多糖(cationic hydroxypropyl quito sugar,Jag C162)、羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC)及羟丙基化多糖(hydroxypropyl polysaccharide,HP-120)喷施于沙黄土及风积沙表面,进行室内风洞试验,测定其风蚀率及表面固积层硬度。结果表明:喷施不同剂量的高分子化学材料PAM、Jag C162、CMC及HP-120于沙黄土及风积沙表面均能显著降低松散扰动沙黄土及风积沙的风蚀率(P0.05)。总体而言,在相同条件下,与其他3种材料相比,PAM防治沙黄土表面风蚀的效果最好,而CMC在防治风积沙风蚀效果最好。喷施4种化学材料于沙黄土和风积沙表面均能显著增加固结层的硬度(0.4 g/m~2 Jag C162除外),且PAM对提高沙黄土表面硬度效果较好,Jag C162、CMC及HP-120对提高风积沙结皮硬度效果较好,其中CMC效果最显著;使用4种高分子化学材料防治风积沙和沙黄土风蚀时,当施用剂量控制在1.2 g/m~2时,几乎可以抵御14 m/s的大风,历时20 min的吹蚀而不产生风蚀。 相似文献
82.
A soil box was used to investigate the water movement and soil water distribution around subsurface drip laterals with two emitters in the presence of a thin layer of polyacrylamide (PAM). Sandy soil was uniformly packed into a soil box. The PAM was applied at a rate of 29.3 kg ha‐1 as a 0.01% solution by spraying it directly onto the soil surface at the required depths. With an operating pressure of 150 kPa and no PAM layer, the water consumption with a dripper line depth of 0.15 m was 12% lower than with a dripper line depth of 0.10 m. The greatest improvement in soil water‐holding capacity after the addition of a PAM layer (47%) was observed when the dripper line was placed at a depth of 0.15 m under an operating pressure of 100 kPa. With a dripper line depth of 0.15 m and an operating pressure of 100 kPa, the average moisture content in the vertical planes below and above the dripper line directly increased by about 7.4 and 20%, respectively, with PAM layers at 0.25 and 0.30 m depths when compared with the moisture content with no PAM layer. The combination of a dripper line depth of 0.15 m, a PAM layer depth of 0.30 m and an operating pressure of 100 kPa will achieve optimal water management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
83.
Piera S. Sun Tina M. Weatherby Marilyn F. Dunlap Kristi L. Arakaki Donis T. Zacarias Spencer R. Malecha 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(4):327-334
Although the mechanism of sex-differentiation in crustaceans has yet to be defined, the androgenic gland (AG) is thought to be the exclusive organ that produces the androgenic hormone (AH) which induces male sexual development. This paper presents results of light and transmission electron microscopy and total protein analysis of androgenic glands from three male morphotypes (orange-claw, orange-blue-claw and blue-claw) of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Highest protein content (76 µg//AG) was found in the blue-claw morphotype as compared to the orange-blue-claw (45 µg/AG) and the orange-claw morphotype (19 µg/AG). Sodiumdodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-page) analysis of the cell free extract of the AG from the three morphotypes revealed four polypeptides (16, 18, 23 and 26 Kd) which quantitatively increase from the sexually immature orange-claw to the sexually mature blue-claw morphotype. The 16 and 18 Kd polypeptides could be the AHs. 相似文献
84.
Abstract. Weakly weathered clay bedrock and samples of A horizon of a developed Biancana soil were incubated with compost or green manure in the presence of two physical forms of gypsum: one mined and ground and the other from flue-gas desulphurization (FGDG). The gypsum efficiency was evaluated in combination with two organic polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide. Compost and green manure increased permeability only in the presence of gypsum. The FGDG was more effective than the mined gypsum, alone or in combination with PVA. 相似文献
85.
Wanghai Tao;Xue Zhao;Songrui Ning;Meiyue Ji;Quanjiu Wang; 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2024,210(4):e12727
Soil salinisation poses a significant threat to global agricultural production and food security. China is among the countries most severely impacted by soil salinisation. To investigate the improvement technology for saline–alkali stress in buckwheat, a typical multigrain crop in northwest China, a coupling regulation study using desulfurisation gypsum and polyacrylamide (PAM) was conducted in 2019 and 2020. Desulfurisation gypsum was applied at 0, 5.5, 11, 16.5 and 22 kg·ha−1, while PAM was applied at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg·ha−1. The results demonstrated that applying 11 t·ha−1 desulfurisation gypsum and 30 kg·ha−1 PAM effectively reduces soil salinity and pH, averaging 81.79% and 6.07%, respectively. Furthermore, it did not cause soil heavy metal pollution and created the best soil environment for buckwheat growth. Among the models tested, the nonrectangular hyperbolic model was the most accurate in describing buckwheat's photosynthetic light response. The optimal treatment for achieving the best photosynthetic performance—measured by apparent quantum efficiency, maximum net photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, light saturation point, dark respiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency and yield—was achieved through applying 11 t·ha−1 desulfurisation gypsum and 30 kg·ha−1 PAM. Therefore, desulfurised gypsum and PAM should be applied at 11 t·ha−1 and 30 kg·ha−1, respectively, to improve buckwheat's adaptability to different light intensities while promoting its photosynthetic response in saline–alkali soils. This study provides an effective technical scheme for reducing salt and promoting the growth of crops under salinity stress, which is of great significance for improving salinity land in arid areas. 相似文献
86.
Summary In this paper we describe the method of wheat gliadin electrophoresis in use at RIVRO, Wageningen. It differs from other techniques mainly by the application of an alternative buffer system, making it possible to polymerise the gels in a buffered alkaline environment and to perform the run at pH 3.1 without extensive buffer changing steps. Advantages are a greater gel reproducibility and the ease of gel handling. Furthermore, a rationalised protein extraction procedure, a cheap shaking system for staining baths and a better (slower moving) tracking dye are described. 相似文献
87.
Summary The hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Kharkof was introduced to the United States at the turn of the century and has been included as the long-term check for the Southern and Northern Regional Performance Nurseries since 1930. Seed of Kharkof is typically maintained at each site at which the nurseries are grown. We obtained samples of Kharkof from 10 sites and the USDA Small Grains Collection in Beltsville, MD. Up to 54 individual kernels per strain were ground and evaluated for gliadin electrophoretic patterns. Strains from Beltsville, MD and Aberdeen, ID were completely uniform for gliadin patterns; they differed from each other and from all other strains. Seven strains were highly polymorphic, with 7 to 14 gliadin patterns occurring in each. However, there were large differences in pattern frequencies among strains, with the Ft. Collins, CO and Columbia, MO strains at one extreme, the Manhattan, KS and Lincoln, NE strains at the other, and the St. Paul, MN; York, NE; and Clovis, NM strains intermediate. Strains from Dallas and Chillicothe, TX were completely uniform for a pattern that also occurred in all of the polymorphic strains. The two Texas strains also had esterase and -amylase isoelectric focusing patterns different from the others, and the Beltsville strain had a different -amylase pattern. We concluded that the strains from Beltsville and Aberdeen were not Kharkof, that the Texas strains were derived from a single-plant selection out of Kharkof, and that the remaining strans have diverged through natural selection possibly operating in conjunction with genetic drift, outcrossing, and seed mixtures. 相似文献
88.
89.
The time of appearance in blood, and transport of astaxanthin, and catabolic transformation of astaxanthin to idoxanthin were investigated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that had been force-fed a single dose of 14C-astaxanthin. In addition to the LPs, a major protein, associated with radiolabeled astaxanthin was detected. The maximum level of radiolabeled carotenoids in blood was attained 30 h after administration of 14C-astaxanthin. Radioactive idoxanthin (combined 3,4-cis and 3,4- trans glycolic isomers of idoxanthin) appeared after 6 h and a stable level was obtained after 18 h. LPDP and LP, separated by ultracentrifugation, contained on average 89 and 11% of the total radioactivity in plasma, respectively. During the 168 h experiment, maximum radioactivity in LP appeared after 22 h. Separation of plasma by ultracentrifugation on a discontinuous NaCl/KBr-gradient and an iodixanol-gradient confirmed that most of the radiolabeled carotenoids were present in the HDPF that did not contain LPs (58%), whereas HDL and LDL contained 36 and 6% of the radioactivity, respectively. Of the recovered radioactivity, astaxanthin in the HDPF comprised 82%, idoxanthin 5% and unidentified compounds 12%, whereas HDL contained 78% astaxanthin, 22% idoxanthin and no unidentified compounds. Proteins from the fractions with the high density and high radioactivity (iodixanol-gradient) were separated by PAGE under non-denaturing conditions and showed a radioactive band with parallel migration length to BSA and salmon albumin. These results show that astaxanthin is rapidly converted to idoxanthin and that the majority of astaxanthin in the plasma is associated with a protein other than LPs, presumably albumin. The identity of this protein requires verification. 相似文献
90.
聚丙烯酰胺的水土保持机制及研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
水土流失是我国主要环境问题之一。聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为一种高分子聚合物,具有絮凝作用和水合作用,可提高土壤水分入渗,减少地表径流。PAM对土壤无毒害作用,可保肥、增产、集雨,在农业生产中具有广泛的应用前景。针对PAM的水土保持功能,介绍PAM水土保持机制、施用过程中涉及的关键因素、应用前景及存在的问题。PAM的类型较多,水土保持效果随施用类型、施用方法、施用量变化而不同。PAM在水土流失治理过程中应与当地的土壤、气候、地貌、植被等密切结合,才能发挥其最大功能。今后研究中应注重PAM施用后土壤侵蚀通用模型的建立及新型PAM产品的开发,为PAM在水土保持中的推广提供理论依据。 相似文献