外源乙烯对草莓果实微粒体Ca2+- ATPase活性和膜脂过氧化的调节

 以乳白期‘春星’草莓(Fragaria ananassa Duch．‘Chunxing’)果实为试材，研究了经钙调素(CaM)拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(TFP)、氯丙嗪(CPZ)各100 µmol·L^-1 和钙通道阻塞剂异博定(Verapamil)100 µmol·L^-1 预处理后再用乙烯(50 µL·L^-1 )处理的草莓果实中微粒体“Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性、O₂ 产生速率和MDA含量的变化。结果表明，外源乙烯对微粒体膜O₂ 产生速率无显著影响，处理早期提高微粒体膜Ca²⁺- ATPase总活性，对MDA含量影响不大；后期加速微粒体膜Ca²⁺- ATPase总活性下降，但仍保持较高的MDA含量和线粒体膜Ca²⁺-ATPase活性。CPZ、TFP和Verapamil预处理降低了上述乙烯处理下Ca²⁺- ATPase活性和MDA含量，但对微粒体膜O 产生速率亦无显著影响，这说明细胞内Ca²⁺-和CaM 可能参与了乙烯诱导的膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性与膜脂过氧化水平的调节。     

不同光湿环境对葡萄花芽分化和叶绿体类囊体膜磷酸酯酶活性的影响

以欧亚种葡萄美人指(Vitisviniferacv.ManicureFinger)为试材,正常光湿为对照,采用正常光偏高湿、偏弱光正常湿度、偏弱光高湿、偏弱光临界高湿、临界弱光偏高湿和临界弱光临界高湿6种处理。试验表明:单一偏弱光处理,葡萄叶片叶绿素含量上升,其余处理叶绿素含量下降;6种处理叶绿体类囊体膜磷酸酯酶活性都低于对照,叶绿体类囊体膜磷酸酯酶活性与光照和湿度有关;正常光偏高湿和偏弱光正常湿度部分芽能分化花原基,但在偏弱光高湿或偏弱光临界高湿花芽分化质量严重下降,临界弱光偏高湿和临界弱光临界高湿几乎未发现花原基;单一的弱光因子比单一的高湿因子对叶绿体类囊体膜磷酸酯酶活性和花芽形态分化影响更大,但弱光与高湿同时存在比单一弱光或高湿因子作用于葡萄时,叶绿体类囊体膜磷酸酯酶活性下降更为显著,花芽更难以形成。     

钙及其拮抗剂对苹果果肉质膜透性的调节作用

采用培养果肉圆片的方法,研究了Ca2+及其拮抗剂对苹果果肉质膜透性的调节作用。结果表明,CaCl2(1、10mmol/L)降低果肉膜透性和溶质外渗速率(Js);细胞膜Ca2+通道阻塞剂Verapamil(100μmol/L)的影响不显著;细胞外Ca2+螯合剂EGTA(5mmol/L)、CaM的拮抗剂CPZ、TFP(100μmol/L)明显提高果肉膜透性和细胞溶质外渗速率。培养24h时,CaCl2能明显维持较高的SOD活性和ACC向乙烯的转化能力,EGTA、Verapamail、CPZ和TFP的作用相反。这些说明Ca2+对果肉细胞膜具有保护作用,而减少细胞外Ca2+和抑制细胞内Ca2+-CaM功能对果肉细胞膜具有伤害作用。     

禽大肠杆菌外膜蛋白基因C(ompC)的序列分析

根据 Gen Bank中人源大肠杆菌 K- 12外膜蛋白基因 C(omp C)的核苷酸序列设计引物 ,应用 PCR方法从禽大肠杆菌 O2 、O78株及它们的融合双价弱毒菌株 O2 ,78(Norr Chlr)中分别扩增得到 omp C基因 ,序列测定及分析比较发现 ,3个菌株的 om p C基因均由 170 2 nt组成 ,核苷酸序列完全相同 ,只有 1个大的开放性阅读框 (ORF) ,长 10 92 bp,编码由 36 3个氨基酸组成的前 Om p C蛋白 ,前 2 1个氨基酸残基组成信号肽 ,成熟的 Omp C蛋白由 342个氨基酸残基组成 ,Mr为 4 0 0 0 0。其氨基酸序列也完全相同。从基因水平上证明了禽大肠杆菌 O2 、O78株及融合双价弱毒菌株 O2 ,78(NorrChlr)存在相同的外膜蛋白 C抗原 ,从而为进一步研究 Omp C蛋白的免疫原性奠定了基础     

羊、鸡抗鼠脂肪细胞膜抗血清对大鼠体脂与生长性能的影响

应用提取的鼠脂肪细胞膜分别免疫羊和鸡 ,所产生的抗血清用于 Wistar大鼠被动免疫。实验 1: 组腹腔注射羊正常血清 , 组腹腔注射羊抗鼠脂肪细胞膜抗血清 ,剂量均为 1m L /只 ,连续注射 4 d。结果表明 ,羊抗鼠脂肪细胞膜抗血清免疫促进了大鼠体增重 ,降低了体脂沉积 ,与对照组相比 ,7周末体重增加 6 .35 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,饲料摄入增加6 .85 % (P<0 .0 1) ,料重比 (F/G)提高 4 5 .0 0 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;肾周、附睾、网膜脂肪垫重量分别降低 2 3.92 % (P<0 .0 5 )、34.4 5 % (P<0 .0 5 )、0 .98% ,脂肪总量降低 2 0 .92 %。实验 2 :1组腹腔注射鸡正常血清 ,2组腹腔注射鸡抗鼠脂肪细胞膜抗血清 ,剂量均为 1m L/只 ,连续注射 4 d。结果表明 ,鸡抗鼠脂肪细胞膜抗血清免疫对大鼠的生长发育产生了不利影响 ,7周末 ,免疫大鼠平均体重较对照组减少 4 0 g(P<0 .0 5 ) ,饲料摄入显著降低 (P<0 .0 1) ;对体脂的沉积和血液中 TG和 FFA的影响没有规律 ,且无统计学意义     

酵母铬与L-肉碱对蛋鸡生产性能及脂质代谢的影响

选用21周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡288只,随机分为9组,每组32只,采用3×3(铬×L-肉碱)2因子3水平有重复交叉试验设计,预试2周后,在玉米-豆粕型日粮的基础上添加不同水平的酵母铬(以铬计:0、400、600μg/kg)与L-肉碱(0、50、100mg/kg),以饲喂基础日粮组为对照组,用以研究二者对蛋鸡生产性能及脂质代谢的影响,并初步探讨二者的互作效应,试验期7周。结果表明:600μg/kg铬或100mg/kgL-肉碱对脂质代谢多数指标效果显著(P<0.05或0.01);二者同时添加对蛋黄胆固醇、肝脏甘油三酯及腹脂率等均产生显著互作效应(P=0.0003～0.0500),且400μg/kg铬和100mg/kgL-肉碱混合添加对降低蛋黄胆固醇比其它各组均表现出优势,400μg/kg铬和50mg/kgL-肉碱混合添加对降低腹脂率比其它各组均表现出优势。铬或(与)L-肉碱在降低蛋鸡肝脂、腹脂及蛋黄胆固醇的同时并未影响蛋鸡的生产性能。     

Branched‐chain amino acid ratios in low‐protein diets regulate the free amino acid profile and the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism‐related genes in growing pigs

Liver metabolism is affected by nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low‐protein diets (17% crude protein, CP) supplemented with branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val), on hepatic amino acid profile and lipid metabolism in growing pigs. The ratio of Leu : Ile : Val in all groups was 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (20% crude protein, CP), 1 : 1 : 1 (17% CP), 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 (17% CP), 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (17% CP) and 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 (17% CP) respectively. Results revealed that compared to the positive control group (1 : 0.51 : 0.63, 20% CP), the low‐protein diets significantly augmented the concentrations of most essential amino acids and non‐essential amino acids (p < .05), with the greatest values observed in the 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 group. Moreover, relative to the control, the low‐protein diets with the Leu : Ile : Val ratio ranging from 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 to 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 markedly downregulated the mRNA abundance of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP‐4) (p < .05), and upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐g coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (L‐CPT‐1) (p < .05). Therefore, our data suggest that protein‐restricted diets supplemented with optimal BCAA ratio, that is, 1 : 0.75 : 0.75–1 : 0.25 : 0.25, induce a shift from fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation in the liver of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis.     

Disaccharide combinations and the expression of enolase3 and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase isoform in sturgeon sperm cryopreservation

Acipenser sinensis and Acipenser dabryanus are critically endangered species, so germplasm conservation via cryopreservation of sperm is necessary. Disaccharides can act as membrane‐impermeable cryoprotectants, and enolase3 (ENO3) and plasma membrane Ca²⁺ ATPase isoform (PMCA2) are proteins associated with sperm quality. We considered seven characteristics of sperm quality in cultured brood stock from A. sinensis and A. dabryanus. We tested use of sucrose or trehalose alone and in combination at different concentrations for cryopreservation of A. dabryanus sperm. A low concentration of sucrose plus trehalose (S₁₅T₁₅) was optimal. Mixing of the extender with sucrose, lactose, or trehalose alone or with pairwise mixtures revealed that a mixture of lactose and trehalose (L₁₅T₁₅) gave the best results for both A. sinensis and A. dabryanus. Enolase3 and PMCA2 expression levels were measured in cryopreserved A. sinensis sperm via Western blotting. Relative ENO3 and PMCA2 expression levels were examined, and the relationship between disaccharide composition, sperm quality and protein expression was explored in A. sinensis. The results showed that relative ENO3 and PMCA2 expression levels were the highest at L₁₅T₁₅ in cryopreserved A. sinensis sperm. There were significant positive correlations between ENO3 expression and percentage membrane integrity, and between PMCA2 expression and sperm motility parameters (percentage of motile sperm, curvilinear velocity, straight‐line velocity and average path velocity; p < .05) in cryopreserved A. sinensis sperm. Our results indicate the optimal disaccharide combination and concentrations for cryopreservation of A. sinensis and A. dabryanus sperm and suggest that ENO3 and PMCA2 expression levels could serve as a valuable indicator of sperm quality in A. sinensis.     

Accessory nictitating membrane in a Lipizzaner colt

A 2‐year‐old Lipizzaner colt presented for removal of a mass over the left eye. The colt had no blepharospasm or significant ocular discharge, but the cornea underlying the mass was mildly oedematous. The mass protruded from the conjunctiva at the dorsotemporal aspect of the globe and was covered in normal conjunctiva. It had a gross appearance similar to the cartilaginous flap of a nictitating membrane, but in an aberrant location. It was moveable to cover the dorsal aspect of the cornea when the globe was retropulsed. Excision of the mass under general anaesthesia was elected. Histopathology supported a diagnosis of an accessory nictitating membrane, consisting of a cartilaginous band surrounded by glandular epithelium. The colt recovered from surgery without complication and no problems were reported by the owner at 8.5 months post‐operatively. To the author's knowledge, there have not been previous reports of accessory or ectopic nictitating membranes in equine or other species.