基于Bacillus cereus 3BS1的生物肥研究

[目的]本研究主要目的是探索海藻酸钠细菌颗粒生物肥最佳基材配方,对此种生物肥在贮存及应用中的性质及土壤中降解特性进行研究。[方法]生物肥最佳包埋基材的筛选,细菌计数法研究生物肥在4℃和室温条件下贮存时细菌活性的变化情况,通过生物肥直径变化研究其在土壤中的生物降解情况。[结果]研究表明,基材配方为1.5%海藻酸钠+0.5%大米粉的生物肥,能够达到最佳构形及最高细菌活性,与未加入大米粉的1.5%纯海藻酸盐基材相比,细菌包含率最高,为112.3%,且在贮存过程中能够保持细菌的高活性。此生物肥埋在土壤中3 cm深时降解最快,11 d可完全降解。[结论]获得一种低成本、实用、高效的生物肥,基材最佳配方为1.5%海藻酸钠+0.5%大米粉。     

对福州市旅游景区的认知研究

运用NMDS方法研究了福州市居民对福州市旅游景区的认知。通过空间定位图分析发现,在居民的认知中福州市10家旅游景区被聚合为3个组群：自然风光类旅游景区组群、人文风貌和自然风貌旅游景区组群、海岛风光旅游景区和博物馆旅游景区组群;在当地居民对旅游景区的感知情况方面,有4家旅游景区的感知率小于60%;在到访情况方面,旅游景区到访率只有3家大于70%,有2家介于35%和55%之间,有5家小于30%。通过特征属性和旅游景区之间的配适分析与水平距离分析发现,居民对前2个组群的评价较高,对后1个组群的评价较低。据此提出了福州市旅游发展的建议。     

6种无公害农药对蒙古栎栗实象的防治效果

[目的]筛选出能有效控制蒙古栎栗实象的无公害药剂和施药方式.[方法]采用6种无公害农药对蒙古栎栗实象成虫分别进行室内筛选试验和野外防治试验,同时对施药方法进行了评估.[结果]室内药剂测定试验结果表明,稀释100倍的1.2％阿维菌素、稀释100倍和500倍的5％噻虫啉及25％灭幼脲致死率均达到70％以上,其中稀释100倍的5％噻虫啉效果最佳,120 h后致死率达到84.21％;室外药效试验结果表明,稀释100倍的25％灭幼脲采用打孔注药的施药方式效果最明显,橡实被害率为64％,降低了32％的果实被害率.[结论]试验结果为蒙古栎栗实象的无公害防治提供了参考.     

恩施与国外白肋烟中性致香成分含量的差异比较

为明确恩施白肋烟中性致香成分组分和含量及与国外白肋烟的异同,以恩施不同产区及美国、马拉维白肋烟样品为材料,采用气质联用仪对样品的中性致香成分含量进行分析测定,结果表明:恩施白肋烟中性致香成分总量及各组分含量在产地之间存在一定差异,其中香叶基丙酮、苯甲醛、糠醇等单一致香成分含量的变异较大。以巨豆三烯酮为代表的类胡萝卜素类降解产物含量以美国烟叶最高,恩施次之,马拉维最低;恩施白肋烟苯丙氨酸类、棕色化反应产物含量均高于美国和马拉维,而西柏三烯的主要降解产物茄酮则低于国外烟叶。聚类分析将供试样品分为3类,80%的恩施样点与美国同属一类,表明恩施白肋烟中性致香成分含量与美国具有较高的相似性。     

Soil organic carbon stock variability in the Northern Gangetic Plains of India: interaction between agro‐ecological characteristics and cropping systems

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its spatial distribution in the Northern Gangetic Plain (NGP) Zone of India were determined to establish the cause–effect relationship between agro‐ecological characteristics, prevailing crop management practices and SOC stock. Area Spread Index (ASI) approach was used to collect soil samples from the NGP areas supporting predominant cropping systems. Exponential ordinary kriging was found most suitable geo‐statistical model for developing SOC surface maps of the NGP. Predicted surface maps indicated that 43.7% area of NGP had 0.5–0.6% SOC, while the rest of the area was equally distributed with high (0.61–0.75%) and low (< 0.5%) SOC content levels. Averaged across cropping systems, maximum SOC content was recorded in Bhabar and Tarai Zone (BTZ), followed by Central Plain Zone (CPZ), Mid‐Western Plain Zone (MWPZ), Western Plain Zone (WPZ) and South‐Western Plain Zone (SWPZ) of the NGP. The SOC stock was above the optimum threshold (> 12.5 Mg/ha) in 97.8, 57.6 and 46.4% areas of BTZ, CPZ and MWPZ, respectively. Only 9.8 and 0.4% area of WPZ and SWPZ, respectively, had SOC stock above the threshold value. The variation in SOC stock was attributed largely to carbon addition through recycling of organic sources, cropping systems, tillage intensity, crop or residue cover and land‐use efficiency, nutrient‐use pattern, soil texture and prevailing ecosystem. Adoption of conservation agriculture, balanced use of nutrients, inclusion of legumes in cropping systems and agro‐forestry were suggested for enhancing SOC stock in the region.     

基于层次分析法的食用菌电商平台营销系统的改进模型

针对食用菌电商平台营销策略的改进问题,基于层次分析法,设计了食用菌电商平台营销策略评价指标体系,并结合模糊综合评价模型对该评价体系进行了定量和定性分析,构建了评价模型。该评价模型能够科学、全面地反映食用菌电商平台的营销能力和发展情况,对提高食用菌企业和电商平台的营销能力具有重要意义。     

ET_0变化趋势分析及估算模型研究——以新乡站为例

【目的】参考作物蒸散量(ET_0)的估算是计算作物腾发量的基础,也是区域水资源评价与灌溉政策制定的前提,因此,研究ET_0变化趋势与估算模型能够对该地区农田灌溉用水预报提供基础支持,进而为灌溉制度的制定以及水资源高效利用提供科学依据。【方法】以河南新乡气象站1962―2016年气象资料为基础,运用Penman-Monteith模型计算ET_0序列,Mann-Kendall趋势检验法对年及季节尺度ET_0序列变化趋势进行分析,并用均值生成函数模型对其进行了拟合与验证。【结果】①新乡地区年尺度ET_0序列在1975―2016年间呈减小趋势,并在1985―2004年、2006年显著;②新乡地区春季ET_0序列在1982―1983年及1988―2003年间呈显著的减小趋势,夏季ET_0序列在1980―2012年间呈显著的减小趋势。③均值生成函数模型在对年尺度ET_0序列进行拟合时,其一致性系数达到0.83,绝对误差与相对误差分别在-120.8～120.0 mm及-14.0%～18.2%之间。④均值生成函数模型在对季节尺度ET_0序列进行拟合时,其一致性系数在春、夏、秋、冬各季节分别达到0.85、0.81、0.88及0.89,绝对误差分别在-60.2～64.3、-64.4～58.9、-39.6～32.8、-37.0～25.1 mm之间,相对误差分别在-20.1%～36.7%、-22.1%～32.1%、-18.0%～22.9%、-23.9%～24.6%之间。【结论】新乡地区年尺度ET_0序列在1985―2004年间显著减小,均值生成函数模型在对年及各季节尺度ET_0序列进行拟合时整体效果较好,因此,可通过其进行年及季节尺度ET_0序列的估算,且其在秋、冬二季的拟合效果明显好于春、夏二季。     

Evaluating the role of seed priming in improving drought tolerance of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed priming on drought tolerance of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice. Seeds of pigmented (cv. Heug Jinju Byeo) and non‐pigmented (cv. Anjoong) rice were soaked in water (hydropriming) or solution of CaCl₂ (osmopriming). Seeds were sown in soil‐filled pots retained at 70 (well‐watered) and 35% (drought) water‐holding capacity. Drought stress caused erratic and poor stand establishment and decreased the growth of both rice types. More decrease in plant height and leaf area under drought stress was noted in pigmented rice, whereas decrease in root length and seedling dry weight, under drought, was more obvious in non‐pigmented rice. Pigmented rice maintained more tissue water and photosynthesis and had more polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity than non‐pigmented rice. Seed priming was effective in improving stand establishment, growth, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity; however, extent of improvement was more in pigmented rice under drought. In conclusion, drought caused erratic germination and suppressed plant growth in both rice types. However, pigmented rice had better drought tolerance owing to uniform emergence, and better physiological and morphological plasticity. Seed priming was quite helpful in improving the performance of both rice types under drought and well‐watered conditions.     

Flow alteration and thermal pollution depress modelled growth rates of an iconic riverine fish,the Murray cod Maccullochella peelii

The serial discontinuity concept (SDC) proposes that hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundments cause major disruptions to the naturally occurring physical, chemical and biological gradients of rivers but that this impact diminishes with distance downstream. Such a gradient in discharge, flow velocity and temperature regime occurs below a large hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundment, the Hume Dam, on the River Murray in south‐eastern Australia. To examine the effects of this disturbance gradient on a warm‐water large‐bodied freshwater fish, the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a bioenergetics model was developed and calibrated to explore energy expended under differing water velocities and temperature regimes. Model simulations predicted negative growth of juveniles directly downstream of the impoundment, due largely to the energetic costs associated with active and, to a lesser extent, standard metabolism outweighing the achievable energetic gains through food consumption. As flow velocity and temperature regimes became more favourable downstream, so did the simulated growth of the species. It was not until +239 km downstream of the impoundment that the model predicted that flow velocity and temperature regimes were suitable for greater weight gains. The modelled growth responses of juvenile Murray cod are consistent with the predictions of the SDC, emphasising that changes in the bioenergetics of individuals are likely to be reflected in reduced growth rates under the changed flow velocity and temperature regimes imposed by disturbance gradients. This research represents a valuable step in the biological understanding of Murray cod within variable riverine environments and emphasises the urgency required to mitigate impacts associated with hypolimnetic impoundments.     

微喷灌溉在山区农业园区的应用研究

对农业休闲园区内进行微喷灌溉设计、施工和应用效果检验,介绍了山区丘陵地形应用微喷高效节水灌溉的设计参数、施工措施和应注意的问题,为发展山区微喷灌溉、服务农业园区提供参考。