变量筛选方法对郁闭度遥感估测模型的影响比较

比较基于偏最小二乘回归的Bootstrap方法与传统的平均残差平方和(RMSq)准则所选变量建立模型的精度差别.结果表明:Bootstrap方法是一种更优秀的变量筛选方法,比RMSq方法精度提高约5%;而且它不受变量多带来的运算困难的限制,更便于实际应用.     

Combined use of optical and radar satellite data for the detection of tillage and irrigation operations: Case study in Central Morocco

The objective of this study is to present a new application of optical and radar remote sensing with high spatial (∼10 m) and temporal (a few days) resolutions for the detection of tillage and irrigation operations. The analysis was performed for irrigated wheat crops in the semi-arid Tensift/Marrakech plain (Central Morocco) using three FORMOSAT-2 images and two ASAR images acquired within one week at the beginning of the 2005/2006 agricultural season.The approach we developed uses simple mapping algorithms (band thresholding and decision tree) for the characterisation of soil surface states. The first images acquired by FORMOSAT and ASAR were processed to classify fields into three main categories: ploughed (in depth), prepared to be sown (harrowed), and not ploughed-not harrowed. This information was combined with a change detection analysis based on multitemporal images to identify harrowing and irrigation operations which occurred between two satellite observations.The performance of the algorithm was evaluated using data related to land use and agricultural practices collected on 124 fields. The analysis shows that drastic changes of surface states caused by ploughing or irrigation are detected without ambiguity (consistency index of 96%). This study provided evidence that optical and radar data contain complementary information for the detection of agricultural operations at the beginning of agricultural season. This information could be useful in regional decision support systems to refine crop calendars and to improve prediction of crop water needs over large areas.     

负载敏感技术在甘蔗联合收割机上的应用

甘蔗联合收割机由于执行元件的复杂性及液压系统负载的多变性,在作业过程中造成了大量的液压能损失现象.为改善收割机的节能性,在对负载敏感系统的工作原理进行分析的基础上首次提出了将负载敏感技术应用于甘蔗联合收割机的节能观点,并为其负载敏感系统匹配了相关参数.基于AMESim平台的静、动态仿真结果表明,在系统压力达到调压阀设定压力之前,系统的流量仅取决于流量阀的开口而与负载无关,负载敏感阀将根据流量阀的开口自动调节变量泵的排量.在系统压力达到调压阀设定压力之后,系统压力仅取决于调压阀的设定值,而与负载无关,此时负载敏感阀将自动调节变量泵的排量使其恰好与负载的需要相适应,控制过程的压力损失小于1 MPa,从而大大减小了甘蔗联合收割机的液压能损失.     

基于EnKF-3DVar模型的海淀区地表温度模拟

以城市化程度较深的北京市海淀区为研究区,基于2005年、2010年和2015年的遥感影像数据,利用基于影像(IB)的算法反演城市地表温度空间分布。将数据同化算法EnKF-3DVar与CA/Markov模型集成,将海淀区的多年平均臭氧浓度空间分布数据同化进行城市地表温度的模拟预测。结果表明海淀区的城市地表温度10年间呈现先下降后上升的趋势,但总体呈现下降趋势,其中2015年的平均温度为31.139 3℃。引入EnKF-3DVar的预测模型能够显著提升模型的模拟精度,所预测的2015年的数据结果 Kappa系数达到0.821 6。在有城市公园绿地的模式下,地表温度高值区呈现缓解趋势,在无城市绿地公园的模式下,城市地表温度高值区呈现出明显的扩张趋势,最高温度达到了56.142 3℃,城市生态绿地对于城市地表温度的空间分布影响巨大,合理布局城市绿地公园意义重大。     

Estimation of protein contents in winter wheat grain using satellite remote sensing

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 317–320, 2006)     

果园发展水平遥感动态监测与预测

应用遥感技术，对地处南亚热带的福州建新的果园发展进行长达２０年的监测和预报．结果表明，采用遥感技术与结合地面动态监测网调查资料，所获取的果园发展水平的动态信息数据可靠，方法可行．     

远程数据采集系统的可靠性仿真研究

利用以单片机为核心的远程数据采集系统为研究对象,介绍系统的工作原理,并对该系统的失效模式进行了分析,应用故障树分析法建立系统的仿真模型,并利用Monte Carlo方法进行可靠性仿真,得到系统的可靠度、平均故障间隔时间、基本部件模式重要度等可靠性指标;利用仿真结果,对系统的失效情况进行分析,得到的研究结论为提高远程数据采集系统的可靠性、维修性和维修策略提供参考依据。     

郑和一号船舶引航系统的设计与实现

为提高引航调度工作效率,保障引航船舶操纵工作更加安全,通过分析引航业务实际需求,采用了基于高分辨率影像、PDA（Personal Digital Assistant）嵌入式、WIFI（Wireless Fidelity）和GPRS（General Packet Radio Service）通讯等先进技术,构成了郑和一号船舶引航系统.该系统为船舶引航工作提供了更加直观的调度平台和航行导航设备.系统通过公网（Internet）或局域网（LAN）的网络通讯接收来自AIS通讯服务端传来的海域内所有船舶动态信息,实时在系统海图窗口中更新显示,同时为用户提供了基于多比例尺电子海图或多分辨率遥感影像,并可叠加航道、航标、锚地、泊位、地名以及水深点等多维助航要素数据,进行显示、查询、监控等操作功能,从而为船舶引航调度提供辅助支持.     

Mapping Ridolfia segetum patches in sunflower crop using remote sensing

Ridolfia segetum is a frequent umbelliferous weed in sunflower crops in the Mediterranean basin. Field and remote sensing research was conducted in 2003 and 2004 over two naturally infested fields to determine the potential of multispectral imagery for discrimination and mapping of R. segetum patches in sunflower crops. The efficiency of the four wavebands blue (B), green (G), red (R) and near‐infrared (NIR), selected vegetation indices and the spectral angle mapper (SAM) classification method were studied using aerial photographs taken in the late vegetative (mid‐May), flowering (mid‐June) and senescence (mid‐July) crop growth stages. Discrimination efficiency of R. segetum patches in sunflower crops is consistently affected by their phenological stages, in this order: flowering > senescence > vegetative. In both fields, R. segetum patches were efficiently discriminated in mid‐June, corresponding to the flowering phase, by using the waveband G, the ratio R/B or SAM with overall accuracies ranging from 85% to 98%. The application of the median‐filtering algorithm to any of the classified images improved the accuracy. Our results suggest that mapping R. segetum weed patches in sunflower to implement site‐specific weed management techniques is feasible with aerial photography when images are taken from 8 to 10 weeks before harvesting.     

基于旋翼无人机低空遥感的高原鼠兔危害等级划分技术研究

高原鼠兔是青藏高原特有的小型啮齿动物,是高寒草地生态系统的关键种。科学合理防控高原鼠兔危害,对其危害程度开展监测和评价十分必要。通过无人机空中遥感平台并结合地面调查,以甘肃省玛曲县高原鼠兔危害草地为研究对象,选择不同危害程度的典型样地,采用自主设计的软件提取无人机影像中高原鼠兔洞口数、地上生物量、草地盖度等指标;构建了由洞口数、地上生物量、盖度和可食牧草比例组成的高原鼠兔危害等级综合指标体系,并对研究区样地进行危害等级划分。最终形成一套适用于高原鼠兔危害的低空遥感监测方法,可为后期高效、准确监测高原鼠兔危害提供有力的技术支持。主要结果如下：1）经实地人工调查结果验证,无人机影像洞口数量和植被盖度解译精度分别达到95%和93%。2）筛选了可见光波段差值植被指数VDVI作为估测地上生物量的最佳植被指数,并构建了估测模型。经实地调查验证平均精度为86.54%。3）构建了综合危害指数DRI,并提出了划分危害级别的各指标量化值。通过聚类分析将研究区鼠害地划分为5个等级,即I-无危害草地,Ⅱ-轻度危害草地,Ⅲ-中度危害草地,Ⅳ-重度危害草地,V-极度危害草地。