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41.
利用我国滇产松茸9924菌株及日产松茸99606菌株,分别对云南松、华山松、马尾松、火炬松、湿地松及加勒比松6种松树幼苗实施人工菌根接种。研究结果表明,接种后90d的云南松和湿地松分别有75%和78.1%的幼苗受感染并形成菌根;接种后180d,6种松树幼苗分部都可形成菌根,菌根感染率分别达90.63%-100%,感染指数达50.00-84.68;菌根形态主要有棒状、二叉分枝状及多叉分枝状3种;随树种的不同,各类菌根形态所占比例也不同;不同树种根系上形成菌根的长度也有差异,以马尾松根系上的菌根最长,华山松的菌根最短;此外,各种组合之间在菌套厚度,哈蒂氏网结构上也略有差别。 相似文献
42.
The herbicide, hexazinone, was applied four ways over ponderosa pine, 2–0 seedlings planted in northeast Oregon. The four treatments were two broadcast applications, a single broadcast application, a large spot application, and a small spot application. Seedling survival and growth were monitored for five growing seasons. Results indicate that survival more than doubled with either large or small spot applications compared to no application, and either one or two broadcast applications can increase survival an additional 30% over spot applications. Differences in stem volume were substantial, with two broadcast applications yielding more than twice the volume of a single broadcast treatment and more than five times the volume of seedlings treated with spot applications. Trees in small spots were still three times bigger than surviving seedlings in the control. These results are consistent with the concept of competition threshold. Management implications were considered in terms of cost of established seedlings. Although broadcast applications cost more per acre than spot applications, gains in seedling survival, growth and quality offset the additional cost and translate into lower established seedling costs. The cost effectiveness of broadcast applications also may be seen in the elimination of replanting or in-planting requirements and increases in long-term growth potential of the established trees. 相似文献
43.
在人工接种和自然感虫情况下美洲黑杨后代对桑天牛抗性的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
杨树 (Populusspp .)是我国主要造林和工业用材树种之一 ,据统计我国杨树人工林面积达 666×1 0 4hm2 (王世绩 ,1 995 )。但杨树天牛危害十分猖獗 ,其中光肩星天牛 (Anoplophoraglabripennis)和黄斑星天牛 (Anoplophoranobi 相似文献
44.
Nitrogen fixing and non-N2 fixing legumes such as Gliricidia speium and Senna siamea have been used in alley cropping systems for soil improvement and source of N for food crops. However their
establishments could be limited by P and moisture deficiencies in degraded soils. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can
help to overcome these deficiencies. We examined the effects of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus deserticola, on the performance of sole hedgerow trees of Gliricidia sepium and Senna siamea and their mixtures (interplanted) in a fallowed alley cropping experiment on a degraded Alfisol in southwestern Nigeria.
Percentage root infection by VAM fungi was higher in inoculated plants than in uninoculated ones irrespective of whether they
were interplanted or non-interplanted. Inoculation with G. deserticola increased dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake (N. P, Mg and K) but there was no significant interaction between mycorrhizal
inoculation and interplanting for growth and nutrient uptake except for the uptake of P, Mg and K in G. sepium. Inoculation with G. deserticola reduced leaf shedding of G. sepium by 50% but did not have the same effect for S. siamea. For both tree species inoculated plants extracted more water from 0–30 cm depth than the uninoculated ones. 相似文献
45.
46.
根据苗木根系分泌物能促进菌根真菌萌发和生长的原理,结合我国林业育苗的特点,提出了松树幼苗截根与人工接种菌根真菌结合的育苗方式。结果表明,截根菌根化育苗在促进根系发育和菌根形成,加速苗木生长,提高苗木生物量、苗木质量和产苗量等方面都有显著优势,苗木的侧根数、侧根总长、苗木菌根化率、吸收根菌根化率、苗高、地径、鲜重、干重分别提高20.0%~960.0%、56.2%~389.5%、0.0%~400.0%、56.2%~1792.0%、22.3%~179.3%、31.2%~253.8%、33.3%~918.2%和21.8%~740.0%,苗木成活率和Ⅰ级苗分别提高9.0%~22.1%和49.3%~150.0%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级苗和等外苗分别降低40.6%~77.3%、61.6%~88.5%和82.5%~100.0%。利用截根菌根化苗木造林,提高成活保存率5.5%~46.0%,并促进幼树生长,树高、地径和材积指数分别增加13.0%~56.4%、25.5%~61.7%和87.8%~450.0%。效益分析证明,截根菌根化育苗具有明显的经济效益和社会效益,仅苗期可定量计算的增收(节支)总额可达44662元/hm2。 相似文献
47.
48.
The forest group is a new policy instrument in Flanders (northern Belgium) to realise multifunctional forest management. This
group was introduced in 1995 and organises the various kinds of forest owners, private as well as public, on a local basis
(mean working area 751 km2), with voluntary participation (as in all forest owner organisations). This study evaluates forest groups in Flanders through
an analysis of their relevance, effectiveness, utility and implementation. The targets of forest groups are relevant to the
evolving needs and priorities at the local, regional, national and international level. The effectiveness analysis reveals
that most indicators — including the quantity of timber harvest, the number of members, the forest area with an accepted management
plan, the area under management and the area with small-scale ecological measures — have been improving between 1995 and 2004.
The utility analysis emphasises that the owners are motivated because the forest group provides information and increases
knowledge, includes the owner into a collective management plan, offers a platform for sharing management experiences and
acts as a union force against the government. However, the forest group is not the solution to introduce multifunctional forest
management by all forest owners. The implementation analysis identifies a number of impeding factors, including the imbalance
between rights and duties, inconsistencies between various policy aims, and failure of forest groups to act as a common forum
for all stakeholders in their working area. 相似文献
49.
Bare-root stock of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, white fir, and grand fir, inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius and handled by standard nursery, cold storage and planting practices performed no better than stock which was not intentionally inoculated but which had formed mycorrhizae with indigenous, nursery fungi on a variety of different outplanting sites in southwestern Oregon. Climate, planting sites and nursery practices in the Pacific Northwest differ drastically from those in the southeastern United States, where P. tinctorius has increased plantation survival and growth. Before P. tinctorius can be recommended for nursery inoculation in the Pacific Northwest, its reaction to each phase of the nursery and planting process needs to be carefully analyzed to determine where the problems lie.This article was written and prepared by US Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain. 相似文献
50.