Measurement of penetration force using a Hall-current-sensor

Due to the evident influence of the penetration velocity on the measurement of cone index (CI), diverse motor-operated penetrometers have been designed to keep the velocity with a constant. In this paper, an attractive method to determine the penetration force for a motor-operated penetrometer was presented. Unlike other conventional methods employing various force sensors, this method used a Hall-current-sensor to dynamically measure the operating current of a permanent magnet dc-motor. For the proposed method, both a theoretical analysis related the operating current of the dc-motor to the penetration force and the measurement principle of the Hall-current-sensor were addressed. A soil column with three-layer water contents was used in the laboratory test. The experimental results confirm that the operating current of the dc-motor was a determinate indictor for estimating the penetration force.     

甘蔗茎秆切割力试验

切割力试验是研究甘蔗茎秆切割机理的重要手段。该文在自制的单刀切割试验台上，通过对滑切角、刀盘倾角和切割速度进行三因素三水平正交试验，研究各因素对单位切割力和最大切割力的影响，在此基础上，进行切割速度单因素试验。试验表明：对单位切割力影响的主次顺序为切割速度－滑切角－刀盘倾角；对最大切割力影响的主次顺序为切割速度、刀盘倾角、滑切角。刀盘倾角对最大切割力影响较显著，而对单位切割力影响不显著。进行作物粗茎秆切割力试验时，以单位切割力为试验指标比较合理。单位切割力与切割速度之间呈线性关系，切割速度越大，单位切割力也越大。     

Experimental Investigation of "Column with Weaker Beam" Frame and "Column with Equally Strong Beam" Frame

By the way of experiment and analysis of two "one story and one bay" reinforced concrete frames, namely a "beam with weaker column" frame and a "column with equally strong beam" frame, the features of internal force redistribution are investigated and an elementary comparison about bending moment redistribution of three kinds of frames namely the "column with weaker beam", "beam with weaker column" and "column with equally strong beam" is given. Through this comparison, the objective existence of such "three kinds of frame" is proven, the moment redistribution is different for each frame and for the moment modulation, the elastic moment diagram and the difference of the internal force redistribution in different frames should be considered together.     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE MOMENT MODULATION INFLUENCE ON CRACKING AND DEFLECTION OF CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER SERVICE LOADS

Through the static tests of five two-span continuous beams with a relatively small steel ratio, the regularity of redistribution of internal forces of continuous beams with moment modulation is studied, and the moment modulation influence on cracking and deflection of continuous reinforced concrete beams under service loads is analyzed in detail. The conclusions obtained may be used as reference materials for drafting of design code considering redistribution of internal forces.     

Life Cycle Analysis of field production of fibre hemp, the effect of production practices on environmental impacts

Summary Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to assess the environmental impacts of field production of fibre hemp and seven other crops in France. The production of 1 ha of hemp yielded a eutrophication potential of 20.5 kg PO₄-equivalents, a global warming potential of 2330 kg CO₂-equivalents, an acidification potential of 9.8 kg SO₂-equivalents, a terrestrial ecotoxicity potential of 2.3 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene-equivalents, an energy use of 11.4 GJ, and a land use of 1.02 ha.year. A comparison of hemp (low impacts), wheat (intermediate impacts) and sugar beet (high impacts) revealed that the crops were similar for the relative contributions of emitted substances and resources used to impacts, and for the relative contribution of processes to impacts. A reduction of the impacts of hemp production should focus on eutrophication, and consider the reduction of climate change, acidification and energy use as secondary objectives. Given this objective, the overall environmental effect of the substitution of mineral fertiliser by pig slurry is negative. The introduction of reduced tillage is of interest, as it decreases energy use, acidification and climate change. Measures leading to a reduction in NO₃ leaching are highly interesting, as they strongly decrease eutrophication. Implications for hemp breeding are discussed.     

改善手扶拖拉机运输机组性能的分析研究

 对改善手扶拖拉机运输机组的性能进行了分析和探讨,并对目前手扶拖拉机运输机组所存在的问题提出了改进性意见,通过分析对比各种方案,认为变牵引型为驱动型的拖斗驱动方式能够很好地提高手扶拖拉机的综合利用率,增加其附着性能以及安全性能。     

农业规划环境影响评价的理论探讨

农业在我国国民经济中占有举足轻重的作用，农业规划环境影响评价是保障农业可持续发展的重要技术手段。本文以战略环评的理论为依据，综合探讨农业规划环境影响评价的目的意义、基本原则、技术方法和指标体系。     

论环境影响评价在我国农业环境保护中的作用

近年来，我国农业环境污染问题日益严重和突出，尤其是农业环境污染事故的频繁发生。本文分析了我国农业环境污染的现状、成因、环境影响评价和农业环境的关系，提出了针对农业环境保护现状而进行环境影响评价的重要性等，旨在为农业环境保护和环境影响评价提供可借鉴的发展方向。     

规模化畜禽养殖场环境影响评价与实例研究

以天津某大型种猪场为例,从污染源与污染物、评价标准与评价因子、预测模式与环境保护措施等方面探讨了规模化畜禽养殖场环境影响评价过程.     

三峡工程对库区人群健康的影响研究

采用定性和定量相结合的方法,研究由三峡工程兴建及运行带来的自然和社会环境变化对人群健康造成的影响.结果显示三峡库区自然疫源性疾病及虫媒传染病的流行和公共卫生突发事件发生都对人群健康造成了严重威胁,三峡工程的兴建也通过社会环境因素作用对人群健康产生潜在影响,导致与心理健康、移民和人口流动有关的疾病,以及公共卫生突发事件的发生.