Evaluation and analysis the chalkiness of connected rice kernels based on image processing technology and support vector machine

In order to determine the location and type of rice chalkiness accurately, image processing techniques were adopted to process acquired rice kernel images. Connected rice kernels were separated from each other using a convex point matching method. Chalkiness was extracted according to the differences in grayscale levels between chalky and normal regions in the rice kernel and chalky rice kernels were classified by a support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that 2–5 connected rice kernels could be separated accurately using this method and chalky areas could be extracted. The classification accuracy for indica rice and japonica rice reached 98.5% and 97.6%, respectively, by using SVM. Hence, the measurement results are accurate and reliable, and the presented work provides a theoretical and practical basis for the further application of computer vision technology to chalkiness detection.     

不同强度匹配的X80钢环焊接头力学性能及变形能力

环焊接头的强度匹配与韧性对管道服役安全至关重要。为了更深入掌握环焊缝的失效机理,采用力学性能测试、微观分析等方法,测试了两种不同强度匹配的高铌X80钢环焊接头的组织和性能,并借助数字图像相关法(Digital Image Correlation,DIC)研究了焊接接头在拉伸载荷下的应变行为。结果表明:低强匹配与高强匹配的环焊接头均具有较好的冲击韧性,二者的夏比冲击吸收能量平均值相当。在拉伸载荷下,应变集中最先出现在环焊缝的根焊及热影响区部位。随着拉伸载荷的增加,高强匹配环焊接头的应变集中逐渐转移至母材,管道承受轴向载荷及变形的能力大于低强匹配环焊接头;低强匹配环焊接头虽具有较好的韧性,但因其在焊缝及热影响区存在塑性应变累积效应,易发生断裂。(图9,表4,参22)     

北方庭院生态模式系统匹配的研究

根据北方庭院生态系统的循环、能量流动的关系，建立了种植业。养殖业、沼气池和厕所各组成单元间合理匹配的计算方法，为设计高效合理的庭院生态系统提供理论依据的技术数据模式。     

拖拉机前桥悬架参数匹配及其对振动特性的影响

拖拉机长年行驶在田间和路况较差的农村土路上,且减振装置简陋,其振动尤为剧烈。为降低拖拉机的振动,以江苏常发集团CF700型拖拉机为研究对象,建立了前桥悬架拖拉机三自由度振动模型,以机身垂向振动加速度、机身俯仰振动角加速度、座椅安装处垂向振动加速度、前后轮动载荷以及前桥悬架动挠度作为评价指标,对前桥悬架刚度和阻尼系数进行了优化匹配,得到了前桥悬架刚度和阻尼系数的最佳匹配值(120 000 N/m、8 000 N·s/m)。计算并比较了安装前桥悬架拖拉机和无悬架拖拉机的振动特性。当拖拉机以3~18 km/h行驶速度在国标D级路面上行驶时,安装前桥悬架拖拉机的机身垂向振动加速度均方根值和俯仰振动角加速度均方根值平均下降24.03%和42.46%;座椅安装处垂向振动加速度均方根值平均下降29.77%;前轮动载荷平均下降21.72%。研究结果表明,拖拉机前桥悬架对提高拖拉机的乘坐舒适性和行驶安全性具有显著作用。该研究结果为拖拉机前桥悬架的设计及优化提供了参考。     

Development of a new index for automated mapping of ratoon rice areas using time-series normalized difference vegetation index imagery

Over recent decades, the global demand for food has continued to grow, owing to population growth and the loss of arable land. Rice ratooning offers new opportunities for increasing rice production and has received renewed interest because of the minimal additional labor input required for its adoption. Regular, regional-scale monitoring of the spatial patterns of both traditional and ratoon rice cropping systems provides essential information for agricultural resource management and food security studies. However, the similar phenological characteristics of traditional double rice and ratoon rice cropping systems make it challenging to accurately classify these cropping practices based on satellite observations alone. In this study, we first proposed an improved phenology-based rice cropping area detection algorithm using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) imagery. A new index, ratoon rice index, was then developed to automatically delineate ratoon rice cropping areas with the aid of a base map of rice in Hubei Province, China. The accuracy assessment using ground truth data showed that our approach could map both traditional and ratoon rice cropping areas with high user accuracy (91.25% and 91.43%, respectively). The MODIS-retrieved rice cropping areas were validated using annual agricultural census data, and coefficient of determination (R²) values of 0.60 and 0.41 were recorded for traditional and ratoon rice cropping systems, respectively. The total area of ratoon rice was estimated to be 1 283.6 km², 5.0% of the total rice cropping area, in Hubei Province in 2016. These demonstrated the feasibility of extracting the spatial patterns of both traditional and ratoon rice cropping systems solely from time-series NDVI and field survey data and strides made in facilitating the timely and routine monitoring of traditional and ratoon rice distribution at subnational level. Given sufficient historical satellite and phenology records, the proposed algorithm had the potential to enhance rice cropping area mapping efforts across a broad temporal scale (e.g., from the 1980s to the present).     

果园电动自走式履带底盘动力系统匹配设计与试验

果园作业包括除草、喷雾、碎枝、采摘以及搬运等,作业种类繁多,作业空间狭闭且环境复杂,对作业机械的动力要求较高。针对现有电动底盘在动力方面无法满足果园多种作业要求的问题,对果园履带式底盘进行电动动力系统的匹配设计。在对电动自走履带式底盘的总体结构和工作原理进行阐述的基础上,进行动力系统匹配的理论分析和初步设计;建立果园电动自走履带式底盘动力系统的仿真模型,验证动力系统匹配设计的理论分析结果;研制底盘样机,并进行动力系统试验。结果表明:底盘最高行驶速度平均值为6.52km/h,两种爬坡工况底盘行驶速度为1.75km/h和1.28km/h,续航里程约为17.8km,满足果园多样化作业对作业机械动力的设计要求。     

利用仿真手段进行涡轮增压器匹配计算概述

利用仿真软件进行发动机与涡轮增压器匹配已经是各大厂家通用的做法,本文对发动机仿真相关理论、增压器仿真理论和增压器的评价指标进行了详细介绍,可以为相关人员提供指导。     

Do cooperatives participation and technology adoption improve farmers’ welfare in China? A joint analysis accounting for selection bias

This study examines the impact of farmers' cooperatives participation and technology adoption on their economic welfare in China. A double selectivity model(DSM) is applied to correct for sample selection bias stemming from both observed and unobserved factors, and a propensity score matching(PSM) method is applied to calculate the agricultural income difference with counter factual analysis using survey data from 396 farmers in 15 provinces in China. The findings indicate that farmers who join farmer cooperatives and adopt agricultural technology can increase agricultural income by 2.77 and 2.35%, respectively, compared with those non-participants and non-adopters. Interestingly, the effect on agricultural income is found to be more significant for the low-income farmers than the high-income ones, with income increasing 5.45 and 4.51% when participating in farmer cooperatives and adopting agricultural technology, respectively. Our findings highlight the positive role of farmer cooperatives and agricultural technology in promoting farmers' economic welfare. Based on the findings, government policy implications are also discussed.     

基于线阵扫描图像的玉米果穗性状检测技术

为实现玉米果穗性状自动检测,以线阵扫描方式获取玉米果穗表面圆周图像信息,利用图像处理技术从中提取相关性状参数。从扫描图像自身提取检测模板,应用归一化互相关算法完成玉米果穗单周图像的精确切割;以Otsu法完成籽粒分割后,利用边界非完整籽粒的连接性,完成边界分割籽粒的合并,提高籽粒计数准确度;采用图像投影曲线平滑后求极值的方法获取穗行数。与人工检测实验结果对比,穗粒数和穗行数的计数准确率分别为94.6%和99.1%。     

农户新一轮退耕还林的福利效应研究——基于陕南退耕还林区的实证分析

文中利用陕南退耕还林区实际调研数据,依据森的福利理论设计福利度量指标体系,采用模糊综合评价法测算农户福利水平,并探讨了退耕还林对农户的福利效应。结果表明:1)退耕户与非退耕户福利存在差异,且退耕户的福利总模糊指数大于非退耕户。2)退耕还林工程使得农户的总福利、主观福利和客观福利均有所提高,但退耕还林工程对农户主观福利的提高程度远远小于客观福利。3)退耕规模影响农户福利,提高退耕规模有助于提高农户总福利水平和客观福利水平,但对主观福利水平的促进作用仅在福利水平处于中间阶层及偏上农户身上发挥作用。新一轮退耕还林的扶贫效果明显,政府应更多关注退耕还林农户的福利变化状况,出台措施提高农户主观福利,并针对不同类型农户采取差异化措施。