水氮调控对苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地生长和辐射利用的影响

针对我国内陆干旱区人工草地生产管理粗放及气候资源利用不充分等问题,探究合理的牧草种植与水氮供应模式,以充分挖掘区域牧草的生产潜力。采用3 a生(2018年播种)紫花苜蓿(简称‘苜蓿’)和无芒雀麦,分析种植模式(苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播,D1;无芒雀麦单播,D2)、施氮量(低氮量N1:60 kg·hm^-2;高氮量N2:120 kg·hm^-2)和灌水量(以灌水下限占田间持水量θ_f的百分比计,分枝期均充分灌水(75%～85%θ_f),现蕾和初花期轻度亏水W1:65%～75%θ_f、中度亏水W2:55%～65%θ_f、重度亏水W3:45%～55%θ_f,灌水上限均为85%θ_f)对牧草叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量、累积截获光合有效辐射量(CIPAR)、辐射利用效率(RUE)、产量(Y)、耗水量(ET_a)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP_N)的影响。结果表明：(1)牧草LAI和...     

凝结芽孢杆菌对热应激肉鸡生长性能及肠道消化与吸收功能的影响

本试验旨在研究凝结芽孢杆菌对热应激肉鸡生长性能及肠道消化与吸收功能的影响。选择320只28日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉公鸡,随机分为5个组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只。常温对照组（TC组）肉鸡饲养于（22±1）℃的常温环境,饲喂基础饲粮;热应激组（HS组）肉鸡饲养于（34±1）℃的高温环境,饲喂基础饲粮;热应激试验组肉鸡饲养于（34±1）℃的高温环境,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2×107(HS-BC0.2组)、1.0×107(HS-BC1.0组)、5.0×107CFU/g(HS-BC5.0组)凝结芽孢杆菌的试验饲粮。试验期14 d。结果表明：与TC组相比,HS组的末重、平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）,干物质和粗蛋白质表观代谢率,空肠食糜总淀粉酶和总蛋白酶酶活,空肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度以及空肠钠/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白1(SGLT1)、基础氨基酸转运载体（r-BAT）、y+L氨基酸转运载体-1(y+LAT1) mRNA表达量均显著降低（P<0.05）,料重比（F/G）显著增加（P<0.05）。与HS组相比,HS-BC1.0和HS-BC5.0组的ADG、粗蛋...     

Fertility of Holstein cows and heifers submitted to timed artificial insemination and receiving one or two doses (12 h apart) of semen

The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of receiving a single (n = 50,285) or double (n = 4392) artificial insemination (AI), 12 h apart, within a timed artificial insemination protocol on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in nulliparous heifers (inseminated with either sex-sorted or conventional semen) and pluriparous Holstein cows in a commercial dairy herd. Also, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature-humidity index (THI) and time of the first AI and fertility. Fertility of cows receiving two AI with normothermia (THI <68) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (42.9% vs. 36.4%). P/AI of cows receiving two AI with severe heat stress (THI >85) was higher (p < .05) than cows receiving a single AI (21.0% vs. 12.6%). Regardless of heat stress conditions, applying the first AI in the morning increased (p < .05) P/AI in cows with double AI than in cows whose first AI occurred in the afternoon (38.4 vs. 33.3%). With moderate heat stress, and sexed-sorted semen, P/AI to timed AI was higher (65.0 vs. 51.9%; p < .05) in heifers receiving double AI than those serviced once. It was concluded that double AI, 12 h apart, enhanced fertility at timed AI than herd mates with a single AI, particularly with heat stress at breeding.     

活塞-缸套周期性瞬态传热仿真

为解决计算柴油机单个零部件传热时边界条件难以确定的问题，用耦合传热的方法，把活塞、缸套传热时的外边界条件变成内边界处理，利用有限元软件进行建模仿真。以X6130型柴油机为例，用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了活塞-缸套的三维模型，并对其额定工况下一个工作循环内的瞬态传热进行了仿真计算，得到了活塞-缸套上关键点的温度波动曲线。部分计算结果和实验结果对比表明：用耦合方法模拟活塞-缸套之间的传热过程是可行的，且仿真结果与实测数据吻合较好。     

Experiment for Condensing Heat Transfer Performance in a New Type of Horizontal Three Dimensional Inner Microfin Tubes

A new type of three dimenstional inner microfin tube is devoloped. Under four different pressures and in the range of condensing mass velocities from 33 to 153 kg/m2 . s,and by the experimental study of the three kinds of tubes with different microfin parameters, the performances of the condensation heat transfer for R11 in the horizontal microfin tubes and obtained. The experiments show that the inner microfin tube is a hopeful and nighty effective condensing heat transfer enhancement tube.     

Numerical Analysis and Optimization of a Small Vehicle Heat Exchanger

This paper analyzes the fluid flow and heat transfer of the heat exchanger, and obtainsd the distribution of fluid field, heat field and pressure field in heat exchanger. According the analysis result, some modify measure is adopted, such as decreasing the number of tube bundle, the size of baffle plate and increasing the diameter of exchange heat tube. In the new heat exchanger, the resistance decreased 32.3%, is 103.2 Pa and the temperature of the exit is 130 K. The new heat exchanger satisfies the requirement of exchanging heat. The study indicates that adopting the numerical simulation method could get temperature, pressure and fluid - velocity of anywhere of the heat exchanger, and understand effecfing of structure parameter on fluid flied and heat flied of the heat exchanger. Therefore, it provides a new method for optimization design of heat exchanger.     

Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficient on the Horizontal Circular Surface with Radial Gradient Surface Energy

A theoretical model is developed for the dropwise condensation heat transfer on the horizontal circular surface with radial gradient surface energy based on the heat transfer model of individual condensate drop and the size distribution model of condensate drop on homogeneous condensation surface.The effect of variation of contact angle on the gradient surface on condensation heat transfer and condensate drop size distribution is taken account of in this model.The theoretical calculation method was obtained to predict the dropwise condensation heat transfer coefficient on the horizontal circular surface with radial gradient surface energy under various wall subcooled temperature,contact angle profile on wall surface,and working fluid.The effects of surface energy gradient,wall subcooled temperature,and thermophysical properties of condensate on the condensation heat transfer are discussed respectively.The calculation results show that the condensation heat transfer coefficient increases slightly with the increase of wall subcooled temperature.As latent heat and surface tension increasing,the condensation heat transfer coefficient increases.A larger surface energy gradient induces a larger condensation heat transfer coefficient.     

Analysis of Heat Transfer and Optimal Parameters of Multi-louvered Fin Condenser

The authors conduct the experimental study and optimal computing for the condenser of automobile air conditioner. The especially the properties of heat transfer and flow at the side of air when using shutter fin. The authors the influence of several combinations of fin's geometry parameter to heat transfer and flow resistance. The maximal heat transfer is used as a criterion relation to select the fin's geometry parameters in the same facing air area of condenser. Furthermore, a program is designed to conduct optimal computing, and the computing results are basically consistent with experimental results. It shows that the optimal method is reasonable and the results can be applied to engineering practice.     

Performance Simulation of EHE for 300MW CFB

With the development of circulating fluidized bed boiler(CFB),the study field of external heat exchanger(EHE) is greater in extent and degree.In order to research the working process of EHE,the model which deals with flow and heat transfer of EHE for 300MW CFB of Dong Fang Boiler Grou PCo.Ltd.is presented.Based on the cell modeling theory,the EHE is divided into several chamber by heating surfaces.The mass and energy conservation equations of each cell have been developed according to some reasonable assumption.The complete mathematical model has been compiled by Fortran and solved by classical Algorithm of Runge-Kutta.The static test and perturbation experiment of simulating model has been performed.The simulation results show that the model has been reached the steady state rapidly,the dynamic responses are reasonable and the modeling presented in the paper is reliable and appropriate.     

Computation of Three-Dimensional Temperature Distribution and Thermal Analysis to Integrated Circuit Substrates

The exact three di me nsional temperatu re distribution and thermal analysiS to inte-grated circuit substrates have been presen ted by means of numerical method of a fin ite difference.Thismethed.which will overcome the di fficuItv of mathematical deduction mav be consltieredas an analytical way aided by com puters for thermal design of electron ic compon ents.