西藏普通小麦地方品种特有高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合“Tibetan Dx5*+Tibetan Dy10”中Tibetan Dy10亚基基因测序与分析

 【目的】鉴定在西藏小麦地方品种中发现的特有高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合“Tibetan Dx5*+Tibetan Dy10”中的Tibetan Dy10亚基是否与普通小麦Dy10亚基为同一亚基。【方法】利用SDS-PAGE分析和Tibetan Dy10亚基基因的克隆和测序。【结果】表明Tibetan Dy10亚基与普通小麦中Dy10亚基广泛存在的Dx5+Dy10组合形式中的Dy10亚基的分子序列非常相似，但分别在2个六肽中的1个氨基酸部位发生替换，第335位的甘氨酸（G）和第451位的谷氨酰氨（Q）在Tibetan Dy10 中均被替换为精氨酸（R）。【结论】Tibetan Dy10与普通小麦中常见的Dy10亚基基因的DNA序列存在微小差异，属于Dy10位点的一个新变异。     

小麦籽粒蛋白质组分及其与面条品质的关系

 采用新的蛋白质组分分离方法,对黄淮部分冬麦区25个小麦品种籽粒的单体蛋白含量、可溶性谷蛋白含量、不溶性谷蛋白含量进行了分析,同时对各蛋白质组分与其它蛋白质指标、面条品质的关系进行了研究。结果发现,黄淮冬麦区小麦的平均单体蛋白、可溶性谷蛋白和不溶性谷蛋白的比例为3.7∶1.0∶1.8;与有关文献比较,分析样品的单体蛋白含量偏低,可溶性谷蛋白含量偏高,不溶性谷蛋白含量较低,这可能就是面包小麦和面条小麦在蛋白质组成上的本质区别。单体蛋白对于面条拉伸特性作用小于谷蛋白。可溶性谷蛋白含量、不溶性谷蛋白含量与其它蛋白质     

小麦属G组染色体编码的高分子量谷蛋白亚基多态性

用SDS－PAGE和PCR扩增方法对提莫菲维小麦和阿拉拉特小麦G组染色体编码的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW－GS）的多态性进行了研究。无论从蛋白质水平还是从DNA水平来看，G组染色体编码的HMW－GS都存在遗传多样性，15个供试材料表现出8种表型，并与普通小麦和硬粒小麦的HMW－GS不同，为了研究G组染色体编码的HMW－GS与小麦品质的关系；利用普通小麦的Glu-1Y位点中部重复结构区的保守序列设计的2个特异性引物对G组染色体进行PCR扩增可以鉴别Glu-1G位点的等位基因变异，且与SDS－PAGE的结果一致。     

陕西省小麦品种资源高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成研究

研究了陕西省主要小麦资源高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及其与加工品质的关系。结果表明 ,农家种亚基类型单一 ,育成种和早期国外种亚基类型分布不尽合理 ,3类材料均缺乏优质亚基 ;近期国外品种 Glu- 13个基因位点优质亚基数量较多 ,特别是 5 +10亚基 ,应加强引进、研究和利用 ;亚基 1(Glu- A1a) ,14 +15 (Glu- B1h) ,17+18(Glu- B1i)和 5 +10 (Glu- D1d)分别对多种加工品质性状效应较大 ,均为优质亚基 ;3个基因位点对加工品质的贡献值大小次序为 Glu- D1>Glu- A1>Glu- B1。     

中国小麦品种资源Glu-1位点组成概况及遗传多样性分析

 分析了 5 12 9份中国小麦初选核心种质样品HMW GS的组成情况 ,其中地方品种 345 9份、育成品种(系 ) 16 70份。这些材料作为初级核心种质基本代表了保存在国家长期库中的普通小麦种质资源的遗传多样性 ,覆盖了中国小麦栽培的 10大生态区。总体来看 ,在Glu A1、Glu B1和Glu D13个位点上的主要等位变异分别为null、7+8和 2 +12。育成品种中 1、7+9、14 +15、5 +10和 5 +12亚基 (对 )的频率比地方品种有很大的提高。在Glu 1位点上 ,地方品种与育成品种的遗传丰富度差异甚微 ,但育成品种的遗传离散度指数却显著高于地方品种。在 3个位点中 ,Glu B1位点的多样性最丰富 ,其次为Glu D1位点 ,Glu A1位点的多样性最差。从生态区来讲 ,地方品种变异类型最丰富的 3个大区是黄淮冬麦区、西北春麦区和西南冬麦区 ;选育品种最丰富的 4个大区是西南冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区、长江中下游冬麦区和北部冬麦区。由于广泛的引种、杂交、选择以及亲本选配中的偏爱 ,造成许多生态区遗传离散度指数高低与遗传丰富度出现相矛盾的现象 ,这点在长江中下游冬麦区材料中表现尤为突出。育成品种与地方品种间遗传分化系数分析表明 ,现代引种和杂交育种使我国小麦品种“群体”遗传组成和结构发生了质的变化。     

Protein heterogeneity in European wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars

Identity and present degree of genetic homogeneity and heterogeneity, respectively of 52 European wheat accessions, maintained in the collection of wheat genetic resources, have been characterized using analyses of glutenins by sodiumdodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Six of the analyzed wheat accessions were observed to be homogeneous, while 46 (88.5%) of them were heterogeneous in protein profiles. Heterogeneous accessions possessed 2 to 13 different protein lanes. Together, 17 high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) alleles have been found. The most frequent HMW-GS alleles at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 complex loci were 1, 7+9, and 2+12, respectively. However, also low frequented HMW-GS alleles or allelic combinations, such as 7+15, 13+16, 20, 6, 7, and 9 were observed. Furthermore, another new allele encoding HMW glutenin subunit with relative molecular weight 98.6 kDa has been found in one of the lines of the cultivar Eritrospermum 917. The Glu-score in the examined accessions varied in broad range, some of the lines reached the maximum value 10.     

全麦粉谷蛋白溶涨指数测定方法研究

为了探讨利用全麦粉代替面粉测定谷蛋白溶涨指数的可行性，本文测定了21个小麦品种(系)的Zeleny,SDS沉淀值及不同溶涨时间下全麦粉和面粉的谷蛋白溶涨指数。简单相关分析结果表明，用全麦粉测得的谷蛋白溶涨指数与Zeleny、SDS沉淀值呈极显著正相关；在溶涨时间相同时，用全麦粉和用面粉测得的谷蛋白溶涨指数呈极显著正相关(0．843^**,0．912^**,0．934^**)。研究结果证明用全麦粉可以代替面粉测定谷蛋白溶涨指数。该方法可以降低样品用量，加快检测速度。     

小麦品种百农AK58及其姊妹系的遗传构成分析

百农AK58是目前我国黄淮南部麦区大面积种植的小麦品种。利用表型、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基、蛋白质含量及覆盖小麦全基因组的657对SSR分子标记分析了百农AK58姊妹系及其亲本的遗传构成, 以发现大面积品种的亲本选配规律。百农AK58在小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和单株穗数上略优于其姊妹系丰收60和百农4330。百农AK58的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合与亲本郑州8960相同, 为(1, 7+8, 5+10), 其姊妹系丰收60和百农4330的亚基组合与亲本温麦6号相同, 均为(1, 7+9, 5+10)。SSR标记分析表明, 百农AK58对亲本周麦11、温麦6号和郑州8960遗传成分的继承率分别为47.4%、28.9%和23.7%, 而丰收60的继承率分别为47.9%、30.7%和21.4%。可见, 这2个品种在遗传上与周麦11有较大的相似性。百农4330继承这3个亲本的遗传成分比例非常相近, 分别为33.1%、32.4%和34.6%。在A、B、D基因组及染色体水平上, 3个亲本品种对后代的遗传贡献率也表现不均衡性。百农AK58有40个不同于丰收60和百农4330的SSR特异位点, 主要分布于1A、4A、5A、6A、1B、4B、5B、6B、7B、1D、2D、3D和7D染色体, 其中多数位点已知存在与产量、抗病等重要农艺性状相关的基因, 推测这些特异位点在百农AK58成为大面积种植品种中发挥了重要作用。     

Evaluation of fresh pasta-making properties of extra-strong common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The relationship between characterictics of flour of common wheat varieties and fresh pasta-making qualitites was examined, and the fresh pasta-making properties of extra-strong varieties that have extra-strong dough were evaluated. There was a positive correlation between mixing time (PT) and hardness of boiled pasta, indicating that the hardness of boiled pasta was affected by dough properties. Boiled pasta made from extra-strong varieties, Yumechikara, Hokkai 262 and Hokkai 259, was harder than that from other varieties and commercial flour. There was a negative correlation between flour protein content and brightness of boiled pasta. The colors of boiled pasta made from Yumechikara and Hokkai 262 grown under the condition of standard manuring culture were superior to those of boiled pasta made from other varieties. Discoloration of boiled pasta made from Yumechikara grown under the condition of heavy manuring culture was caused by increase of flour protein content. On the other hand, discoloration of boiled pasta made from Hokkai 262 grown under the condition of heavy manuring culture was less than that of boiled pasta made from Yumechikara. These results indicate that pasta made from extra-strong wheat varieties has good hardness and that Hokkai 262 has extraordinary fresh pasta-making properties.     

The influence of drought and heat stress on the expression of end-use quality parameters of common wheat

The effects of drought and heat stress on quality parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were studied under field conditions in a 2-year trial (2009–2010) in northwest Mexico. Under no stress conditions, rapid small-scale parameters [protein (GP; FP) content, SDS sedimentation (SDSS), mixograph peak time (MPT), swelling index of glutenin (SIG), and lactic acid retention capacity (LARC)] showed significant relationship with gluten strength (alveograph energy, W) and bread loaf volume (LV). SIG and LARC were better than SDSS and MPT for predicting W, while SDSS was better than W and SIG for predicting bread LV. Most quality traits were primarily controlled by genotype (G), although environment (E) and G × E also had significant effects. Heat and drought stress showed contrasting effects on LARC, MPT, alveograph parameters [tenacity (P), extensibility (L), P/L ratio, W] and LV. Increase in P and decrease in L resulted in higher tenacity (larger P/L), which may explain the smaller loaf volume under drought stress. In contrast, decrease in P and increase in L, may explain the improved bread volume observed under heat stress. It is advisable to select for wheat quality under both favorable and abiotic stress conditions to identify genotypes with quality stability across environments.