NYH-1型~(14)C核素高灵敏探测装置

本文描述了可测量低活度1 4 C核素的高灵敏探测装置。在FH 36 7探头的基础上进行了改装 ,更换了闪烁介质 ,增加了物质屏蔽和反符合屏蔽以及相应的电子线路。本装置对1 4 C的探测效率 ,植物干样为 6 93% ,土壤样为 3 2 % ,装置的本底计数为 2 35cpm     

花生施用TBS环保生态肥和三元复混肥试验简报

花生施用TBS环保生态肥、三元复混肥作花生基肥，能促进植株健壮生长，增加单株结果数，提高饱果率，从而提高花生产量和经济效益。尤其施用TBS环保生态肥比对照增长15．4％，效果尤为显著，同时也尤于施三元复混肥。     

应用单引物PCR指纹技术分析Vc-獭兔的分子遗传结构

采用1条小卫星引物M13(5’GAGGGTGGCGGTTCT3’)和2条微卫星引物(GTG)5、(GACA)4，对Vc—Ⅰ系、Vc—Ⅱ系獭兔、日本大耳白兔(JWR)和青紫蓝(QZL)4个品系各8只，总计32个个体的遗传结构进行了DNA指纹分析。结果，3条引物的扩增产物都呈现良好的多态性和稳定性；对每个品系混合DNA池进行分析，计算出了4个品系间及32个个体间的共有带率及遗传距离指数，通过聚类分析，得出各品系间和个体间欧式遗传距离，并绘制出4个品系间及各品系32个个体问的亲缘关系树状聚类图，从而初步建立了4个品系兔的SPAR指纹图谱。     

Plant Variety Protection and DUS Testing Technique

DUS testing technique used for plant variety protection was reviewed in the paper, and somesuggestions were made on how to establish the appropriate technology system in China. Meanwhile, the poten-tial exploitation of the technique was discussed.     

用AFLP技术构建棉花雄性不育三系及其杂种F1的DNA指纹图谱

实验应用AFLP同位素标记法,获得了棉花细胞质雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系及其杂种F1的DNA指纹图谱.较为详尽地介绍了有关AFLP的技术核心及注意点,并探讨了其适用于棉花研究的方法.结果表明,AFLP是一种十分有效的DNA指纹技术,它具有多态性丰富、稳定性高、重复性好等优点.     

Assessment of somaclonal variability in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in vitro meristem cultures and clones by molecular methods

In vitro meristem tissue cultures are used for production of virus-free rootstocks of hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Because use of plant tissue cultures is associated with occurrence of somaclonal variability, we assessed somaclonal variability in hop meristem in vitro cultures before and after thermotherapy by different molecular methods (RFLP, RAPD, STS, ISSR and AFLP) and compared it with existing clonal variability of Osvald's clones 31, 72 and 114. No molecular differences were observed between mother plants and in vitro mericlones by RFLP and STS analyses. Amplified molecular differences were found in RAPD and ISSR products of one from five in vitromericlones cvs. Eroica (E5) and Southern Brewer (SB2), respectively. Similarities with mother plants were 0.965 and 0.913 (JSC), respectively. Specific amplified polymorphic products were found for every mericlone and mother plant in AFLP reactions and variability of DNA sequence ranged from 0.824 to 0.993 (JSC). This variability was very similar to determined intra-clonal variability within Osvald's clones 31, 72 and 114 by AFLP analysis. Inter-clonal variability of DNA sequence was exactly higher than intra-clonal variability of DNA sequence in these clones. The molecular differences between Osvald's clone 72 normal and meristem derived were not verifiable. Thermotherapy increased frequency of molecular changes, since amplified differences were found in 14 from 20 in vitro mericlones of cv. Eroica, in 6 from 11 in vitro mericlones of cv. Yeoman and in 15 from 23 in vitro mericlones of cv. Southern Brewer by RAPD and ISSR analyses.     

RAPD genetic diversity of Albanian olive germplasm and its relationships with other Mediterranean countries

RAPD markers were used for the study of 19Albanian olive cultivars and two wild olives (oleasters). A total of 76polymorphic bands (4.8 polymorphic markers per primer) out of 107 reproducible were obtained using 16 primers. The number of bands per primer ranged from 4 to 10,whereas the number of polymorphic bands ranged from 1 to 9, corresponding to 71%of the total amplification products. All the accessions could be identified by the combination of four primers: OPA-19;OPA-02; OPK-16 and OPP-19. The dendrogram,based on Jaccard's index, included three major groups according to their origin: 1)most of the cultivars from the area of Berat (South of Albania) 2) cultivars from the Centre and Centre-North of Albania and3) cultivars from the Centre and North-West of Albania along with the oleaster from Elbasan. In order to evaluate the origin of Albanian cultivars they were compared to those diffused in other countries like Greece, Italy and Turkey, due to geographical and historical affinity among these countries, by using a one way AMOVA. Although most of the genetic diversity was attributable to differences among cultivars within each country (91.47%) significantφ-values among countries(φ_st = 0.085; p < 0.001)suggested the existence of RAPD phenotypic differentiation. Significant φ-values in all pairs formed by Albania with the other countries were observed. These results are consistent with the autochthonous origin of Albanian cultivars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Screening RAPD primers for molecular taxonomy and cultivar fingerprinting in the genus Actinidia

Summary Eighty ten-base long arbitrary primers were tested for PCR-based DNA amplification of three species of the genus Actinidia (A. deliciosa the kiwifruit, A. chinensis, and A. kolomikta), with the aim of screening species-specific and genotype-specific markers.Of the 80 primers tested, 30 gave an average of 3.5 bands which were monomorphic within one or two species and absent in the remaining one(s), thus resulting in useful markers for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes. None of the primers tested produced bands linked to sex. Twenty primers out of the twenty-five selected from a preliminary screening showed high levels of polymorphism, producing two to eleven patterns each from the 13 kiwifruit cultivars examined.We found the Stoffel fragment and the Taq polymerase were both suitable for RAPD analysis, the most noticeable difference being the smaller size of fragments (0.4–1.2 kb) produced by the former in comparison to the latter (1.0–3.4 kb). We tested also three different annealing temperatures (35, 37, and 39° C) and found the intermediate one best for number of amplified bands and reproducibility of results.Abbreviations 2-BE 2-butoxyethanol - CTAB hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide - MAS Marker-Assisted-Selection - PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction - RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - RFLPs Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms     

Single and Multiple Traits Selection in a Segregating Population of Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

The breeding materials used in this study were the F₃, F₄ and F₅-generations of the cross between Giza 158 × Sonora 64 (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to compare the relative merits of Smith-Hazel, desired gain selection indices, independent culling levels and single trait selection in improving grain yield, heading date and several agronomic traits. Highly significant differences among F₃ families and a satisfactory genotypic coefficient of variability were obtained for all the traits studied. The genotypic correlations were high between yield and each of spike weight, kernels/spike and spikes; plant, intermediate with 1000 kernel weight and very low with heading date, plant height and spike1 length-After two cycles of selection, the results of the gains realized indicated that the most effective method for improving yield was the Smith-Hazel index (SH₇) of seven traits followed by the desired gain index of seven traits (DG₇), SH₅, independent culling levels, DG₅ and direct selection (or grain yield/plant. Direct selection for heading date, plant height and spike length was the best method for improving these traits, but undesirable correlated responses in the other traits were obtained.     

Assessment of genetic diversity within and among Basmati and non-Basmati rice varieties using AFLP,ISSR and SSR markers

Molecular markers provide novel tools to differentiate between the various grades of Basmati rice, maintain fair-trade practices and to determine its relationship with other rice groups in Oryza sativa. We have evaluated the genetic diversity and patterns of relationships among the 18 rice genotypes representative of the traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati and non-Basmati (indica and japonica) rice varieties using AFLP, ISSR and SSR markers. All the three marker systems generated higher levels of polymorphism and could distinguish between all the 18 rice cultivars. The minimum number of assay-units per system needed to distinguish between all the cultivars was one for AFLP, two for ISSR and five for SSR. A total of 171 (110 polymorphic), 240 (188 polymorphic) and 160 (159 polymorphic) bands were detected using five primer combinations of AFLP, 25 UBC ISSR primers and 30 well distributed, mapped SSR markers, respectively. The salient features of AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data analyzed using clustering algorithms, principal component analysis, Mantel test and AMOVA analysis are as given below: (i) the two traditional Basmati rice varieties were genetically distinct from indica and japonica rice varieties and invariably formed a separate cluster, (ii) the six Basmati varieties developed from various indica × Basmati rice crosses and backcrosses were grouped variably depending upon the marker system employed; CSR30 and Super being more closer to traditional Basmati followed by HKR228, Kasturi, Pusa Basmati 1 and Sabarmati, (iii) AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data-sets showed moderate levels of positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.42–0.50), and (iv) the partitioning of the variance among and within rice groups (traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati, indica and japonica) using AMOVA showed greater variation among than within groups using SSR data-set, while reverse was true for both ISSR and AFLP data-sets. The study emphasizes the need for using a combination of different marker systems for a comprehensive genetic analysis of Basmati rice germplasm. The high-level polymorphism generated by SSR, ISSR and AFLP assays described in this study shall provide novel markers to differentiate between traditional Basmati rice supplies from cheaper cross-bred Basmati and long-grain non-Basmati varieties at commercial level.The first two authors have equal contribution