Recent insights into host–pathogen interaction in white spot syndrome virus infected penaeid shrimp

Viral disease outbreaks are a major concern impeding the development of the shrimp aquaculture industry. The viral disease due to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) observed in early 1990s still continues unabated affecting the shrimp farms and cause huge economic loss to the shrimp aquaculture industry. In the absence of effective therapeutics to control WSSV, it is important to understand viral pathogenesis and shrimp response to WSSV at the molecular level. Identification and molecular characterization of WSSV proteins and receptors may facilitate in designing and development of novel therapeutics and antiviral drugs that may inhibit viral replication. Investigations into host–pathogen interactions might give new insights to viral infectivity, tissue tropism and defence mechanism elicited in response to WSSV infection. However, due to the limited information on WSSV gene function and host immune response, the signalling pathways which are associated in shrimp pathogen interaction have also not been elucidated completely. In the present review, the focus is on those shrimp proteins and receptors that are potentially involved in virus infection or in the defence mechanism against WSSV. In addition, the major signalling pathways involved in the innate immune response and the role of apoptosis in host–pathogen interaction is discussed.     

滇牡丹中3个类查尔酮合成酶基因的克隆与表达

从开黄花的滇牡丹转录组中分离了3个CHS基因,利用生物信息学预测其基因功能,并比较不同花发育时期CHS基因的表达量。结果显示:3个CHS基因的cDNA全长分别为1 173、1 185、1 128 bp,依次命名为PdCHS1(GenBank登录号MK516264)、PdCHS2(GenBank登录号MK516265)和PdCHS3(GenBank登录号MK516266),分别编码390、394和375个氨基酸;这3个CHS基因编码的蛋白均为无信号肽的非分泌蛋白,均含查尔酮合成酶活性位点基序(G/A) FGPG。聚类结果显示,滇牡丹中的3个CHS蛋白归属于不同分支。基因表达结果显示,PdCHS1基因在花蕾期和花蕊中表达量较高,PdCHS2基因在末花期和初花期表达量较高,PdCHS3基因在末花期和花蕾期表达量较高。这3个CHS基因分别参与不同次生代谢产物的合成,推测PdCHS1参与柚皮素查尔酮,PdCHS2参与芪类化合物,PdCHS3参与聚酮类化合物的生物合成。     

海洋环境中有机胺的迁移转化研究进展

大气中的有机胺具有潜在的气候效应,这是当今国际的研究热点之一。海洋是大气中有机胺的重要来源,但由于海水中有机胺检测难度较大,导致海洋环境中有机胺的产生机制尚不清楚。本文概述了海洋生物体内有机胺前体物的浓度特征及其对环境中有机胺的影响,阐述了沉积物、海水及大气中有机胺的浓度特征,分析了海洋大气气溶胶中有机胺的形成途径,并指出海水中有机胺检测的难点及现阶段亟待解决的科学问题。为深入认识海洋环境中有机胺的迁移转化规律及其潜在气候效应提供科学依据。     

转录组测序筛选萨湖杂交羊肌肉和生长性能提升的关键基因

为解析萨湖杂交羊较湖羊肌肉和生长性能提升的关键基因和调控通路,本研究对出生2日龄和8月龄的萨福克和湖羊的杂种F₁代（SH）和纯繁湖羊（H）的体重、体高、体长、胸围和管围等生长数据进行比较分析。选取2日龄和8月龄绵羊每组各3只（共12只）,利用RNA-seq对背最长肌进行转录组测序,并对测序数据进行生物信息学分析。随机选取10个差异表达基因,通过qRT-PCR对其表达量进行验证。结果表明：1）出生2日龄和8个月的SH的体重、胸围、管围均极显著高于H（P<0.001）。2）在2日龄和8月龄SH与H中分别筛选得到684和248个基因显著差异表达,包括与骨骼肌生长发育相关的CDH1、GSTA1-1、GPX2、CDH17和MX2等基因。3）GO和KEGG分析结果显示2日龄SH和H差异表达基因主要富集在控制肌肉生长发育的细胞分化、核小体组织、肌动蛋白丝调控等类别中,8月龄SH和H差异表达基因主要富集在细胞-细胞粘附、谷胱甘肽代谢和PPAR信号通路等类别中。4）qRT-PCR试验结果与转录组测序相一致。综上,萨湖杂交羊在生长性能方面优于湖羊,CDH1、GSTA1-1和GPX2等基因通过G蛋白偶联受体、细胞-细胞粘附、谷胱甘肽代谢通路在萨湖杂交羊肌肉发育过程中发挥重要作用,本研究为探究调控杂交绵羊生长性能的关键基因和功能通路提供参考。     

Research Progress on Molecular Pathways of Mammalian Ovary Follicle Development

Reproductive development is related to the survival and thrives of one species.The female mammalian germ cell, that is oocyte, will obtain their reproductive capacity through two processes:Oogenesis and follicle development.These two interdependent processes will provide the foundations for the combination of male and female gametes, and for the starting of a new generation of ontogeny.With the development of molecular biology techniques, many regulatory mechanisms of gene expressions, which associated with follicle development, is revealed gradually.New ideas have emerged.This present review will summarize the major molecular pathways, which occurred at different mammalian follicle development stages.And these summarizations will provide theoretical basis for the studies of germ stem cells, development of therapeutic cloning, and the treatment and research of human reproductive diseases.In addition, the paper will also show the guiding significance to the acceleration of development of animal husbandry, utilization of early oocytes resources, shortening of the generation interval and improvement of reproductive rate.     

γ-氨基丁酸茶的研究进展

茶的保健功能已被广泛认可,茶叶新产品的开发也日益受到重视.GABA因其具有降血压、抗焦虑、降低胆固醇、增强记忆力和促进血液中乙醇分解等多种功效已引起各界关注.二十多年来,经动物实验和临床实验证实,γ-氨基丁酸茶具有显著的降血压功能,日渐得到了市场的欢迎.本文综述了茶树中GABA的代谢途径、鲜叶中GABA的富集技术以及富集机理,并在此基础上指出γ-氨基丁酸茶开发中仍存在的问题,并对其前景进行了展望.     

再生水回用的改进健康风险评价及土壤承载能力研究

为揭示各重金属污染指标的健康风险水平和再生水回用于灌溉的最大承载水量,以西安市某污水处理厂的再生水出水为研究对象,从污染源到暴露点建立3种暴露途径物理模型,利用Logistic混沌系统产生较为可靠的随机数,采用改进蒙特卡罗模拟方法进行健康风险水平评估,结合土壤中各指标的污染标准和背景值,计算再生水灌溉的最大承载水量。结果表明:在3种不同的暴露途径情况下,指标砷都会产生一定的风险影响,当暴露途径为再生水→地表水→水产品→人体吸收时,指标铜和锌同样对人体健康风险产生影响的概率较高,再生水回用于园林灌溉和农业灌溉不会产生重金属污染。